0001140361-25-011169 | 10-K | XBRL Viewer | Galectin Therapeutics INC

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Subsequent Event (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions			6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2025	Mar. 29, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 28, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 29, 2023	Dec. 19, 2022	Jul. 25, 2022
Convertible Line of Credit - Related Party [Abstract]
Share price (in dollars per share)				$ 1.29
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)				$ 0.001				$ 0.001
Richard E. Uihlein [Member]
Convertible Line of Credit - Related Party [Abstract]
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)											$ 0.001
Percentage of warrants equal to the closing price of common stock											150.00%
Warrants expiry date				Jul. 31, 2029
Richard E. Uihlein [Member] \| Common Stock [Member]
Convertible Line of Credit - Related Party [Abstract]
Warrants to purchase common stock (in shares)	100,000										1,700,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001			$ 0.001
Richard E. Uihlein [Member] \| Common Stock [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Convertible Line of Credit - Related Party [Abstract]
Warrants to purchase common stock (in shares)		200,000	200,000		200,000	200,000	200,000		200,000	200,000	500,000
Supplemental Line of Credit [Member] \| Richard E. Uihlein [Member]
Convertible Line of Credit - Related Party [Abstract]
Line of credit		$ 10.0
Additional short term borrowing interest rate	2.00%	2.00%	2.00%
Promissory note, maturity date	Mar. 31, 2026			Jan. 31, 2026
Share price (in dollars per share)				$ 3
Percentage of warrants equal to the closing price of common stock	150.00%			150.00%
Warrants expiry date	Jul. 31, 2029			Jul. 31, 2029
Supplemental Line of Credit [Member] \| Richard E. Uihlein [Member] \| Subsequent Event [Member]
Convertible Line of Credit - Related Party [Abstract]
Line of credit	$ 5.0
Supplemental Line of Credit [Member] \| Richard E. Uihlein [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Convertible Line of Credit - Related Party [Abstract]
Share price (in dollars per share)	$ 3			$ 3
Supplemental Line of Credit [Member] \| Richard E. Uihlein [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Convertible Line of Credit - Related Party [Abstract]
Share price (in dollars per share)	$ 10			$ 10

Document and Entity Information - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
Document and Entity Information - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024	Mar. 03, 2025	Jun. 30, 2024
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-K
Amendment Flag	false
Document Annual Report	true
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2024
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-31791
Entity Registrant Name	GALECTIN THERAPEUTICS INC.
Entity Central Index Key	0001133416
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	NV
Entity Tax Identification Number	04-3562325
Entity Address, Address Line One	4960 Peachtree Industrial Blvd
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite 240
Entity Address, City or Town	Norcross
Entity Address, State or Province	GA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	30071
City Area Code	678
Local Phone Number	620-3186
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $0.001 Par Value Per Share
Trading Symbol	GALT
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	false
Document Financial Statement Error Correction [Flag]	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Public Float			$ 112
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		63,180,491
Auditor Firm ID	677
Auditor Name	Cherry Bekaert LLP
Auditor Location	Atlanta, Georgia

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Fair Value of Financial Instruments [Abstract]

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

6.	Fair Value of Financial Instruments

There were no level 1 or 2 assets or liabilities at December 31, 2024 or 2023.

Level 3 assets and liabilities measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

	December 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Derivative Liability – Contingent Interest April Note	$	47,000	$	431,000
Derivative Liability – Contingent Interest September Note	$	94,000	$	169,000
Derivative Liability – Contingent Interest December Note	$	275,000	$	404,000

The April 2021 Note derivative liability – contingent interest was valued using a Monte Carlo Geometric Brownian Stock Path Model. The key assumptions used in the model at December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

	December 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
Stock Price	$	1.29		$	1.66
Conversion Price of conversion feature	$	5.00		$	5.00
Term	0.29 years			1.29 years
Risk Free Interest Rate		4.37	%		4.79	%
Credit Adjusted Discount Rate		12.43	%		12.86	%
Volatility		152	%		69	%
Dividend Rate		0	%		0	%

The roll forward of the April 2021 Note derivative liability – contingent interest is as follows:

Balance – December 31, 2022	$	249,000
Fair Value Adjustment		182,000
Balance – December 31, 2023		431,000
Fair Value Adjustment		(384,000	)
Balance – December 31, 2024	$	47,000

The September 2021 Note derivative liability – contingent interest was valued using a Monte Carlo Geometric Brownian Stock Path Model. The key assumptions used in the model at inception, and at December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

	December 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
Stock Price	$	1.29		$	1.66
Conversion Price of conversion feature	$	8.64		$	8.64
Term	0.72 years			1.72 years
Risk Free Interest Rate		4.16	%		4.23	%
Credit Adjusted Discount Rate		12.43	%		12.86	%
Volatility		111	%		75	%
Dividend Rate		0	%		0	%

The roll forward of the September 2021 Note derivative liability – contingent interest is as follows:

Balance – December 31, 2022	$	109,000
Fair Value Adjustment		60,000
Balance – December 31, 2023		169,000
Fair Value Adjustment		(75,000	)
Balance – December 31, 2024	$	94,000

The December 2021 Note derivative liability – contingent interest was valued using a Monte Carlo Geometric Brownian Stock Path Model. The key assumptions used in the model at inception, and at December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

	December 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
Stock Price	$	1.29		$	1.66
Conversion Price of conversion feature	$	5.43		$	5.43
Term	0.97 years			1.97 years
Risk Free Interest Rate		4.16	%		4.23	%
Credit Adjusted Discount Rate		12.43	%		12.86	%
Volatility		102	%		72	%
Dividend Rate		0	%		0	%

The roll forward of the December 2021 Note derivative liability – contingent interest is as follows:

Balance – December 31, 2022	$	214,000
Fair Value Adjustment		190,000
Balance – December 31, 2023		404,000
Fair Value Adjustment		(129,000	)
Balance – December 31, 2024	$	275,000

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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+ Details

Segments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Segments [Abstract]

Segments

15.

Segments

Operating segments are identified as components of an entity about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the CODM, or decision-making group, in making decisions on how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Company’s CODM, the Chief Executive Officer, views the Company’s operations as one operating segment, which is focused on creating new therapies for fibrotic disease based on targeting galectin proteins. The Company does not have revenue in the current comparative period, incurs expenses primarily in North America and manages the business activities on a consolidated basis.

The accounting policies of the fibrotic disease therapeutics segment are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies.

The CODM assesses performance for the fibrotic disease therapeutics segment and decides how to allocate resources based on net loss that also is reported on the income statement as consolidated net loss. The measure of segment assets is reported on the balance sheet as cash and cash equivalents.

The Company has not generated any product revenue in the current period and expects to continue to incur significant expenses and operating losses for the foreseeable future as the Company advances its product candidates through all stages of development and clinical trials.

As such, the CODM uses cash forecast models in deciding how to invest into the fibrotic disease therapeutics segment. Such cash forecast models are reviewed to assess the entity-wide operating results and performance. Net loss is used to monitor budget versus actual results. Monitoring budgeted versus actual results, net cash used in operating activities for the period and cash on hand are used in assessing performance of the segment.

The table below summarizes the significant expense categories regularly reviewed by the CODM for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands).

	Year Ended December 31,
	2024			2023
	(in thousands)
Operating expenses:
Research and development	$	36,571		$	32,130
General and administrative		5,862			5,942
Total operating expenses		42,433			38,072
Total operating loss		(42,433	)		(38,072	)
Other income (expense):
Interest income		336			230
Interest expense		(5,540	)		(2,792	)
Change in fair value of derivatives		590			(432	)
Total other expense		(4,614)			(2,994	)
Net loss	$	(47,047	)	$	(41,066	)
Preferred stock dividends		(153	)		(120	)
Warrant modification		—			(3,619	)
Net loss applicable to common stockholders	$	(47,200	)	$	(44,805	)

Other segment items included in segment loss includes interest income and interest expense.

The Company is a single operating segment and therefore the measure of segment net loss is the same as consolidated net loss and does not require reconciliation.

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the net cash used in operating activities was $41.8 million and $33.0 million, respectively. The table below summarizes the significant asset categories regularly reviewed by the CODM for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands).

	December 31,
	2024		2023
	(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	15,120	$	25,660

- Definition

The entire disclosure for reporting segments including data and tables. Reportable segments include those that meet any of the following quantitative thresholds a) it's reported revenue, including sales to external customers and intersegment sales or transfers is 10 percent or more of the combined revenue, internal and external, of all operating segments b) the absolute amount of its reported profit or loss is 10 percent or more of the greater, in absolute amount of 1) the combined reported profit of all operating segments that did not report a loss or 2) the combined reported loss of all operating segments that did report a loss c) its assets are 10 percent or more of the combined assets of all operating segments.

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+ Details

Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Property and Equipment [Abstract]
Property and equipment	$ 74,000	$ 74,000
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	(74,000)	(74,000)
Property and equipment - net	0	0
Depreciation and amortization expense	0	0
Leasehold Improvements [Member]
Property and Equipment [Abstract]
Property and equipment	2,000	2,000
Computer and Office Equipment [Member]
Property and Equipment [Abstract]
Property and equipment	13,000	13,000
Furniture and Fixtures [Member]
Property and Equipment [Abstract]
Property and equipment	$ 59,000	$ 59,000

Galectin Sciences LLC

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Galectin Sciences LLC [Abstract]

Galectin Sciences LLC

13.	Galectin Sciences LLC

In January 2014, we created Galectin Sciences, LLC (the “LLC” or “Investee”), a collaborative joint venture co-owned by SBH Sciences, Inc. (“SBH”), to research and develop small organic molecule inhibitors of galectin-3 for oral administration. The LLC was initially capitalized with a $400,000 cash investment to fund future research and development activities, which was provided by the Company, and specific in-process research and development (“IPR&D”) contributed by SBH. The estimated fair value of the IPR&D contributed by SBH, on the date of contribution, was $400,000. Initially, the Company and SBH have a 50% equity ownership interest in the LLC, with neither party having control over the LLC. Accordingly, from inception through the fourth quarter of 2014, the Company accounted for its investment in the LLC using the equity method of accounting. Under the equity method of accounting, the Company’s investment was initially recorded at cost with subsequent adjustments to the carrying value to recognize additional investments in or distributions from the Investee, as well as the Company’s share of the Investee’s earnings, losses and/or changes in capital. The estimated fair value of the IPR&D contributed to the LLC was immediately expensed upon contribution as there was no alternative future use available at the point of contribution. The operating agreement provides that if either party does not desire to contribute its equal share of funding required after the initial capitalization, then the other party, providing all of the funding, will have its ownership share increased in proportion to the total amount contributed from inception. In the fourth quarter of 2014, after the LLC had expended the $400,000 in cash, SBH decided not to contribute its share of the funding required. As a result, the Company contributed the $73,000 needed for the fourth quarter of 2014 expenses of the LLC and an additional $2,552,000 in total from 2015 through 2021. The Company contributed $350,000 and $561,000 for the LLC expenses (recorded in research and development expenses) in 2024 and 2023, and SBH has contributed a total of $711,000 since 2014. As of December 31, 2024, the Company’s ownership percentage in the LLC was 85.3%. The Company accounts for the interest in the LLC as a consolidated, less than wholly owned subsidiary. Because the LLC’s equity is immaterial, the value of the non-controlling interest is also deemed to be immaterial. The Company’s portion of the LLC’s net loss for 2014, prior to the change in accounting discussed previously, was $400,000, which includes the Company’s proportionate share of the non-cash charge associated with the contributed IPR&D of $200,000.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Long-Lived Assets (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Long-Lived Assets [Abstract]
Impairment of long-lived assets	$ 0	$ 0

Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Income Taxes [Abstract]

Components of Net Deferred Tax Assets

The components of the net deferred tax assets are as follows at December 31:

	2024			2023
	(in thousands)
Operating loss carryforwards	$	63,057		$	61,427
Tax credit carryforwards		9,010			6,476
Other temporary differences		18,276			10,533
		90,343			78,436
Less valuation allowance		(90,343	)		(78,436	)
Net deferred tax asset	$	—		$	—

Primary Factors Affecting Income Tax Rates

The primary factors affecting the Company’s income tax rates were as follows:

	2024			2023
Tax benefit at U.S. statutory rates		(21	%)		(21	%)
State tax benefit		(2.5	%)		(3.4	%)
Permanent differences		0.1	%		0.9	%
Other		(4.0	%)		2.3	%
Changes in valuation allowance		27.4	%		21.2	%
		0	%		0	%

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Cash and Cash Equivalents (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]
Cash equivalents	$ 0	$ 0

Accrued Expenses (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Accrued Expenses [Abstract]

Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consist of the following at December 31:

	2024		2023
	(in thousands)
Legal and accounting fees	$	74	$	40
Accrued compensation		1,523		1,129
Lease liability		19		46
Accrued research and development costs and other		6,588		7,967
Total	$	8,204	$	9,182

Nature of Business, Basis of Presentation, Liquidity, and Going Concern (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($) LineofCredit	Mar. 31, 2025 USD ($)	Mar. 29, 2024 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Jul. 25, 2022 USD ($)
Nature of Business, Basis of Presentation and Liquidity [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 15,120			$ 25,660
Number of line of credit \| LineofCredit	2
Richard E. Uihlein [Member] \| Line of Credit [Member]
Nature of Business, Basis of Presentation and Liquidity [Abstract]
Line of credit	$ 6,000				$ 60,000
Richard E. Uihlein [Member] \| Supplemental Line of Credit [Member]
Nature of Business, Basis of Presentation and Liquidity [Abstract]
Line of credit			$ 10,000
Richard E. Uihlein [Member] \| Supplemental Line of Credit [Member] \| Subsequent Event [Member]
Nature of Business, Basis of Presentation and Liquidity [Abstract]
Line of credit		$ 5,000

Stockholders' Equity, Series C 6% Super Dividend Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock (Details) - USD ($)						1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2013	Jul. 31, 2011	Dec. 30, 2010	Dec. 29, 2010	Jan. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Abstract]
Common stock shares outstanding (in shares)							63,157,235	61,852,914
Minimum closing price of common stock (in dollars per share)							$ 1.29
Series C 6% Super Dividend Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Abstract]
Preferred stock issued (in shares)				212		13
Preferred stock par value (in dollars per share)					$ 0.01
Shares issued, price (in dollars per share)				$ 10,000		$ 10,000
Stated value of dividend payment (in dollars per share)				$ 10,000
Gross proceeds from issuance of preferred stock				$ 2,120,000		$ 130,000
Transaction costs				47,000
Net proceeds from issuance of preferred stock				$ 2,073,000
Warrants issued (in shares)				500
Exercise price of warrant (in dollars per share)				$ 7.2
Common stock share conversion price (in dollars per share)				$ 6
Common stock shares issued (in shares)				1,667
Preferred stock shares upon conversion (in shares)	33,756	40,193	8,334				293,340	293,340
Number of consecutive trading days				15 days			10 days
Preferred stock, dividend rate				6.00%
Preferred stock redemption price (in dollars per share)				$ 3			$ 3
Post conversion dividend rights (in shares)	20	24	5
Post conversion redemption right, return on investment multiplier amount							$ 10,000
Closing days after conversion rights							30 days
Series C 6% Super Dividend Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Abstract]
Preferred stock issued (in shares)					1,000
Stated value of dividend payment (in dollars per share)					$ 10,000
Convertible preferred stock dividend				$ 100,000
Series C 6% Super Dividend Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Member] \| Common Stock [Member]
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Abstract]
Common stock shares outstanding (in shares)							176	176
Minimum closing price of common stock (in dollars per share)				$ 18
Series C 6% Super Dividend Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Member] \| Dividend Payment Scenario One [Member]
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Abstract]
Dividend as percentage of net sales				2.50%
Series C 6% Super Dividend Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Member] \| Dividend Payment Scenario Two [Member]
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Abstract]
Dividend as percentage of net sales				1.25%

Stock-Based Compensation, Summary of Stock-Based Compensation Plans (Details) - shares	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2019
Equity Incentive Plan 2019 [Member]
Stock-Based Compensation Expense [Abstract]
Number of shares authorized for issuance (in shares)		10,000,000	7,000,000	4,000,000
Stock awards, available for future grant (in shares)	4,135,213
Incentive Compensation Plan 2009 [Member]
Stock-Based Compensation Expense [Abstract]
Number of shares authorized for issuance (in shares)	6,733,334

Warrants (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Warrants [Abstract]

Summary of Warrants Activity, Outstanding Warrants Issued in Connection with Equity and Debt Financings and Consultants

Warrant activity is summarized as follows:

	Warrants			Weighted average exercise price

Outstanding at December 31, 2022		11,557,964		$	4.37
Issued		600,000			3.09
Exercised		(2,236,204	)		4.49
Canceled/Expired		(665,267	)		4.94
Outstanding at December 31, 2023		9,256,493		$	4.22
Issued		600,000			3.70
Exercised		(142,503	)		3.00
Canceled/Expired		(118,050	)		4.33
Outstanding at December 31, 2024		9,595,940		$	4.21

The following table summarizes information with regard to outstanding warrants issued in connection with equity and debt financings and consultants as of December 31, 2024.

Issued in Connection With	Number Outstanding		Exercise Price		Exercisable Date	Expiration Date
February 12, 2009 Series B-1 Transaction $3.00 Investor Warrants – Class B		1,200,000	$	3.00	February 12, 2009	September 30, 2026
May 13, 2009 Series B-2 Transaction $3.00 Investor Warrants – Class B		525,119	$	3.00	May 13, 2009	September 30, 2026
June 30, 2009 Series B-2 Transaction $3.00 Investor Warrants – Class B		306,547	$	3.00	June 30, 2009	September 30, 2026
August 12, 2009 Series B-2 Transaction $3.00 Investor Warrants – Class B		183,928	$	3.00	August 12, 2009	September 30, 2026
September 30, 2009 Series B-2 Transaction $3.00 Investor Warrants – Class B		195,922	$	3.00	September 30, 2009	September 30, 2026
November 4, 2009 Series B-2 Transaction $3.00 Investor Warrants – Class B		85,463	$	3.00	November 4, 2009	September 30, 2026
December 8, 2009 Series B-2 Transaction $3.00 Investor Warrants – Class B		110,919	$	3.00	December 8, 2009	September 30, 2026
January 29, 2010 Series B-2 Transaction $3.00 Investor Warrants – Class B		198,664	$	3.00	January 29, 2010	September 30, 2026
January 29, 2010 Series B-2 Transaction $3.00 Investor Warrants – Class B		18,003	$	3.00	January 29, 2010	January 29, 2025
March 8, 2010 Series B-2 Transaction $3.00 Investor Warrants – Class B		184,132	$	3.00	March 8, 2010	September 30, 2026
March 8, 2010 Series B-2 Transaction $3.00 Investor Warrants – Class B		39,202	$	3.00	March 8, 2010	March 8, 2025
April 30, 2010 Series B-2 Transaction $3.00 Investor Warrants – Class B		180,689	$	3.00	April 30, 2010	September 30, 2026
April 30, 2010 Series B-2 Transaction $3.00 Investor Warrants – Class B		23,503	$	3.00	April 30, 2010	April 30, 2025
May 10, 2010 Series B-2 Transaction $3.00 Investor Warrants – Class B		112,631	$	3.00	May 10, 2010	September 30, 2026
May 10, 2010 Series B-2 Transaction $3.00 Investor Warrants – Class B		30,535	$	3.00	May 10, 2010	May 10, 2025
September 22, 2016 Series B-3 Transaction $3.00 Investor Warrants – Class B		682,572	$	3.00	September 22, 2016	September 30, 2026
September 29, 2016 Series B-3 Transaction $3.00 Investor Warrants – Class B		843,351	$	3.00	September 29, 2016	September 30, 2026
December 23, 2016 Series B-3 Transaction $3.00 Investor Warrants – Class B		922,316	$	3.00	December 23, 2016	September 30, 2026
2018 and 2017 Warrants issued for services		290	$	5.00	Various dates in 2017 and 2018	Various dates in 2025
May 23, 2019 Rights Offering warrants		2,622,154	$	7.00	May 23, 2019	May 23, 2026
July 22, 2022 Warrants issued in connection with related party line of credit		330,000	$	5.00	July 22, 2022	July 31, 2029
December 29, 2023 Warrants issued for draw on related party line of credit		200,000	$	3.00	December 29, 2023	July 31, 2029
March 29, 2024 Warrants issued for draw on related party line of credit		200,000	$	3.59	March 29, 2024	July 31, 2029
June 28, 2024 Warrants issued for draw on related party line of credit		200,000	$	3.39	June 29, 2024	July 31, 2029
September 30, 2024 Warrants issued for draw on related party line of credit		200,000	$	4.13	September 30, 2024	July 31, 2029
Total Outstanding Warrants		9,595,940

Insider Trading Policies and Procedures	3 Months Ended
Insider Trading Policies and Procedures	Dec. 31, 2024
Insider Trading Policies and Procedures [Line Items]
Insider Trading Policies and Procedures Adopted	true

Galectin Sciences LLC (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended			84 Months Ended	120 Months Ended
Galectin Sciences LLC (Details) - USD ($)	Jan. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2023
Investments in and Advances to Affiliates, Schedule of Investments [Abstract]
Amount expanded in cash			$ (10,540,000)	$ 7,068,000
Galectin Sciences, LLC [Member]
Investments in and Advances to Affiliates, Schedule of Investments [Abstract]
Initial cash investment	$ 400,000
Ownership percentage			85.30%
Amount expanded in cash		$ 400,000
Contribution for expenses		$ 73,000	$ 350,000	$ 561,000		$ 2,552,000
Loss from equity method investment					$ 400,000
Non-cash charge for in-process research and development					$ 200,000
Galectin Sciences, LLC [Member] \| SBH [Member]
Investments in and Advances to Affiliates, Schedule of Investments [Abstract]
Ownership percentage	50.00%
Contribution for expenses							$ 711,000
Galectin Sciences, LLC [Member] \| SBH [Member] \| IPR&D [Member]
Investments in and Advances to Affiliates, Schedule of Investments [Abstract]
Estimated fair value of asset contributed to joint venture	$ 400,000

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)
Series C 6% super dividend redeemable convertible preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	1,000	1,000
Series C 6% super dividend redeemable convertible preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	176	176
Series C 6% super dividend redeemable convertible preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	176	176
Series C 6% super dividend redeemable convertible preferred stock, redemption value	$ 8,018,000
Series C 6% super dividend redeemable convertible preferred stock liquidation value	$ 1,760,000
Stockholders' equity (deficit):
Undesignated stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Undesignated stock, shares authorized (in shares)	20,000,000	20,000,000
Undesignated stock, shares designated (in shares)	20,000,000	20,000,000
Series A 12% convertible preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	1,742,500	1,742,500
Series A 12% convertible preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	1,235,000	1,235,000
Series A 12% convertible preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	1,235,000	1,235,000
Series A 12% convertible preferred stock, liquidation value	$ 1,235,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	150,000,000	150,000,000
Common stock, issued (in shares)	63,157,235	61,852,914
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)	63,157,235	61,852,914

Warrants

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Warrants [Abstract]

Warrants

Warrant activity is summarized as follows:

	Warrants			Weighted average exercise price

Outstanding at December 31, 2022		11,557,964		$	4.37
Issued		600,000			3.09
Exercised		(2,236,204	)		4.49
Canceled/Expired		(665,267	)		4.94
Outstanding at December 31, 2023		9,256,493		$	4.22
Issued		600,000			3.70
Exercised		(142,503	)		3.00
Canceled/Expired		(118,050	)		4.33
Outstanding at December 31, 2024		9,595,940		$	4.21

The weighted average expiration of the warrants outstanding as of December 31, 2024 is 2.2 years.

On September 22, 2023, the Company executed an agreement with 10X Fund L.P., and 10X Capital Management LLC (which had been a related party due to having nominated a board member) whereby the Company extended the exercise date for a total of 5,732,253 common stock purchase warrants to the earliest of (a) September 30, 2026, (b) thirty days after 10X fails to vote all of the shares of common stock in the Company then owned by it in the manner recommended by the board of directors of the Company in any vote of the stockholders of the Company; or (c) thirty days after the shares of common stock of the Company have a closing price of $6.00 or greater for 10 consecutive trading days. Previously, the common stock purchase warrants exercise dates would have expired at various dates from September 22, 2023 through May 10, 2025.

Also pursuant to the terms of the agreement, the right of the 10X Fund L.P. to nominate a member of the board of directors was eliminated, and the cashless exercise option in certain of the common stock purchase warrants was deleted. Finally, a beneficial ownership limitation provision was added in the Series B Warrants, which would have the effect of decreasing 10X Fund’s beneficial ownership to 9.99% and would bar the voluntary exercise of any warrants that would result in 10X Fund’s ownership beyond 9.99% without at least 61 days’ prior notice from 10X Fund.

The Company has accounted for the modified terms of the warrants pursuant to ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, whereby the Company has recognized a deemed dividend for the change in fair value of the warrants immediately before and immediately after the modification. In September 2023, the Company recognized a non cash deemed dividend of $3,619,000 related to the extension of the 5,732,253 warrants. The following assumptions were used to value the extension of the warrants immediately before and immediately after the modification: a) immediately before the modification — an expected life range of 0 to 1.63 years, volatility range of 71% to 77%%, risk free interest rate range of 5.37% and zero dividends and; b) immediately following the modification — an expected life of 3 years, volatility of 79%, risk free interest rate range of 4.59% and zero dividends.

The following table summarizes information with regard to outstanding warrants issued in connection with equity and debt financings and consultants as of December 31, 2024.

Issued in Connection With	Number Outstanding		Exercise Price		Exercisable Date	Expiration Date
February 12, 2009 Series B-1 Transaction $3.00 Investor Warrants – Class B		1,200,000	$	3.00	February 12, 2009	September 30, 2026
May 13, 2009 Series B-2 Transaction $3.00 Investor Warrants – Class B		525,119	$	3.00	May 13, 2009	September 30, 2026
June 30, 2009 Series B-2 Transaction $3.00 Investor Warrants – Class B		306,547	$	3.00	June 30, 2009	September 30, 2026
August 12, 2009 Series B-2 Transaction $3.00 Investor Warrants – Class B		183,928	$	3.00	August 12, 2009	September 30, 2026
September 30, 2009 Series B-2 Transaction $3.00 Investor Warrants – Class B		195,922	$	3.00	September 30, 2009	September 30, 2026
November 4, 2009 Series B-2 Transaction $3.00 Investor Warrants – Class B		85,463	$	3.00	November 4, 2009	September 30, 2026
December 8, 2009 Series B-2 Transaction $3.00 Investor Warrants – Class B		110,919	$	3.00	December 8, 2009	September 30, 2026
January 29, 2010 Series B-2 Transaction $3.00 Investor Warrants – Class B		198,664	$	3.00	January 29, 2010	September 30, 2026
January 29, 2010 Series B-2 Transaction $3.00 Investor Warrants – Class B		18,003	$	3.00	January 29, 2010	January 29, 2025
March 8, 2010 Series B-2 Transaction $3.00 Investor Warrants – Class B		184,132	$	3.00	March 8, 2010	September 30, 2026
March 8, 2010 Series B-2 Transaction $3.00 Investor Warrants – Class B		39,202	$	3.00	March 8, 2010	March 8, 2025
April 30, 2010 Series B-2 Transaction $3.00 Investor Warrants – Class B		180,689	$	3.00	April 30, 2010	September 30, 2026
April 30, 2010 Series B-2 Transaction $3.00 Investor Warrants – Class B		23,503	$	3.00	April 30, 2010	April 30, 2025
May 10, 2010 Series B-2 Transaction $3.00 Investor Warrants – Class B		112,631	$	3.00	May 10, 2010	September 30, 2026
May 10, 2010 Series B-2 Transaction $3.00 Investor Warrants – Class B		30,535	$	3.00	May 10, 2010	May 10, 2025
September 22, 2016 Series B-3 Transaction $3.00 Investor Warrants – Class B		682,572	$	3.00	September 22, 2016	September 30, 2026
September 29, 2016 Series B-3 Transaction $3.00 Investor Warrants – Class B		843,351	$	3.00	September 29, 2016	September 30, 2026
December 23, 2016 Series B-3 Transaction $3.00 Investor Warrants – Class B		922,316	$	3.00	December 23, 2016	September 30, 2026
2018 and 2017 Warrants issued for services		290	$	5.00	Various dates in 2017 and 2018	Various dates in 2025
May 23, 2019 Rights Offering warrants		2,622,154	$	7.00	May 23, 2019	May 23, 2026
July 22, 2022 Warrants issued in connection with related party line of credit		330,000	$	5.00	July 22, 2022	July 31, 2029
December 29, 2023 Warrants issued for draw on related party line of credit		200,000	$	3.00	December 29, 2023	July 31, 2029
March 29, 2024 Warrants issued for draw on related party line of credit		200,000	$	3.59	March 29, 2024	July 31, 2029
June 28, 2024 Warrants issued for draw on related party line of credit		200,000	$	3.39	June 29, 2024	July 31, 2029
September 30, 2024 Warrants issued for draw on related party line of credit		200,000	$	4.13	September 30, 2024	July 31, 2029
Total Outstanding Warrants		9,595,940

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	Dec. 31, 2024
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of Consolidation	Basis of Consolidation. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and Galectin Therapeutics Security Corp., its wholly-owned subsidiary, which was incorporated in Delaware on December 23, 2003 and Galectin Sciences LLC (see Note 13). All intercompany transactions have been eliminated.
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and judgments that may affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, equity, revenue, expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Management’s estimates and judgments include assumptions used in stock option valuations, accrued liabilities, derivative valuations, deferred income taxes and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from those estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
Fair Value Measurements	Fair Value Measurements. The Company has certain financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value. Fair values determined by Level 1 inputs utilize observable data such as quoted prices in active markets. Fair values determined by Level 2 inputs utilize data points other than quoted prices in active markets that are observable either directly or indirectly. Fair values determined by Level 3 inputs utilize unobservable data points in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions. The estimated value of accounts payable and accrued expenses approximates their carrying value due to their short-term nature. See Footnote 6 for Fair Value of Derivatives related to Convertible Notes Payable at December 31, 2024 and 2023, which are level 3 liabilities.
Cash and Cash Equivalents	Cash and Cash Equivalents. The Company considers all highly-liquid investments with original maturities of 90 days or less at the time of acquisition to be cash equivalents. The Company had no cash equivalents at December 31, 2024 or 2023.
Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets	Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets. Prepaid expenses and other assets consist principally of prepaid insurance, deposits related to the NAVIGATE trial and deferred financing costs (see Note 10).
Property and Equipment	Property and Equipment. Property and equipment, including leasehold improvements, are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization, and are depreciated or amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets of generally three years for computers and office equipment, five years for furniture and fixtures and the shorter of the useful life or life of the lease for leasehold improvements.
Security Deposit	Security Deposit. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had a security deposit of $6,000 for leased office space included in Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets.
Long-Lived Assets	Long-Lived Assets. The Company reviews all long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held or used is measured by comparison of the carrying value of the asset to the future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such asset is considered to be impaired, the impairment recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds the discounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. There were no impairments of long-lived assets at December 31, 2024 or 2023.
Accrued Expenses	Accrued Expenses. As part of the process of preparing our consolidated financial statements, we are required to estimate accrued expenses. This process involves identifying services that third parties have performed on our behalf and estimating the level of service performed and the associated cost incurred on these services as of each balance sheet date in our consolidated financial statements. Examples of estimated accrued expenses include professional service fees, such as those arising from the services of attorneys and accountants and accrued payroll expenses. In connection with these service fees, our estimates are most affected by our understanding of the status and timing of services provided relative to the actual services incurred by the service providers. In the event that we do not identify certain costs that have been incurred or we under- or over-estimate the level of services or costs of such services, our reported expenses for a reporting period could be understated or overstated. The date on which certain services commence, the level of services performed on or before a given date, and the cost of services are often subject to our judgment. We make these judgments based upon the facts and circumstances known to us in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S.
Warrants	Warrants. The Company has issued common stock warrants in connection with the execution of certain equity and debt financings. The fair value of warrants is determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model using assumptions regarding volatility of our common share price, remaining life of the warrant, and risk-free interest rates at each period end. There were no warrant liabilities as of December 31, 2024 or 2023.
Research and Development Expenses	Research and Development Expenses. Research and development expenses, including personnel costs, allocated facility costs, lab supplies, outside services, contract laboratory costs related to manufacturing drug product, clinical trials and preclinical studies are charged to research and development expense as incurred. The Company accounts for nonrefundable advance payments for goods and services that will be used in future research and development activities as expense when the service has been performed or when the goods have been received. Our current NAVIGATE clinical trial is being supported by third-party contract research organizations, or CROs, and other vendors. We accrue expenses for clinical trial activities performed by CROs based upon the estimated amount of work completed on each trial. For clinical trial expenses and related expenses associated with the conduct of clinical trials, the significant factors used in estimating accruals include the number of patients enrolled, the number of active clinical sites, and the duration for which the patients have been enrolled in the trial. We monitor patient enrollment levels and related activities to the extent possible through internal reviews, review of contractual terms and correspondence with CROs. We base our estimates on the best information available at the time. We monitor patient enrollment levels and related activities to the extent possible through discussions with CRO personnel and based our estimates of clinical trial costs on the best information available at the time. However, additional information may become available to us which will allow us to make a more accurate estimate in future periods. In that event, we may be required to record adjustments to research and development expenses in future periods when the actual level of activity becomes more certain.
Income Taxes	Income Taxes. The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with the accounting rules that requires an asset and liability approach to accounting for income taxes based upon the future expected values of the related assets and liabilities. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and for tax loss and credit carry forwards and are measured using the expected tax rates estimated to be in effect when such basis differences reverse. Valuation allowances are established, if necessary, to reduce the deferred tax asset to the amount that will, more likely than not, be realized.
Concentration of Credit Risk	Concentration of Credit Risk. Financial instruments that subject the Company to credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents. The Company maintains cash and cash equivalents and certificates of deposit with well-capitalized financial institutions. At times, those amounts may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to significant credit risk beyond the normal credit risk associated with commercial banking relationships. The Company has no other significant concentrations of credit risk.
Stock-Based Compensation	Stock-Based Compensation. Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense over the service period, which generally represents the vesting period. For awards that have performance-based vesting conditions the Company recognizes the expense over the estimated period that the awards are expected to be earned. The Company generally uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to calculate the grant date fair value of stock options. The expense recognized over the service period is required to include an estimate of the awards that will be forfeited.
Recent Accounting Standards	Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. This guidance is intended to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements through enhanced disclosures as well as clarify that entities with a single reportable segment are subject to new and existing segment reporting requirements. This guidance is effective for annual periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. Entities must apply this guidance on a retrospective basis. Accordingly, the Company adopted this new standard for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024. See footnote 15 for segment disclosures. Recent Accounting Pronouncements - Yet to be Adopted In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 address investor requests for enhanced income tax information primarily through changes to disclosure regarding rate reconciliation and income taxes paid both in the United States and in foreign jurisdictions. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 on a prospective basis, with the option to apply the standard retrospectively, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating this guidance to determine the impact it may have on its consolidated financial statements. In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. The amendments in ASU 2024-03 address investor requests for more detailed expense information and require additional disaggregated disclosures in the notes to financial statements for certain categories of expenses that are included on the face of the income statement. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating this guidance to determine the impact it may have on its consolidated financial statements. In November 2024, the FASB, issued ASUS 2024-04, Debt- Debt with Conversions and Other Option. ASU 2024-04 is intended to clarify requirements for determining whether certain settlements of convertible debt instruments, including convertible debt instruments with cash conversion features or convertible debt instruments that are not currently convertible, should be accounted for as an induced conversion. This ASU is effective for all entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2025, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of this guidance on its disclosures.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments, Roll Forward of Derivative Liability (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Roll Forward of Derivative Liability [Roll Forward]
Balance	$ 1,004,000
Fair Value Adjustment	(588,000)	$ 432,000
Balance	47,000	1,004,000
April Note [Member]
Roll Forward of Derivative Liability [Roll Forward]
Balance	431,000	249,000
Fair Value Adjustment	(384,000)	182,000
Balance	47,000	431,000
September Note [Member]
Roll Forward of Derivative Liability [Roll Forward]
Balance	169,000	109,000
Fair Value Adjustment	(75,000)	60,000
Balance	94,000	169,000
December Note [Member]
Roll Forward of Derivative Liability [Roll Forward]
Balance	404,000	214,000
Fair Value Adjustment	(129,000)	190,000
Balance	$ 275,000	$ 404,000

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net loss	$ (47,047)	$ (41,066)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash from operating activities:
Amortization of right to use asset	37	33
Stock-based compensation expense	2,447	2,261
Non-cash interest expense	1,100	697
Change in fair value of derivatives	(588)	432
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(82)	(90)
Accrued interest on convertible notes payable and convertible line of credit - related party	4,440	2,097
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	(2,074)	2,671
Net cash from operating activities	(41,767)	(32,965)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Net cash from investing activities	0	0
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Net proceeds from convertible line of credit - related party	30,000	30,000
Net proceeds from exercise of common stock options and warrants	1,227	10,033
Net cash from financing activities	31,227	40,033
NET (DECREASE) INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	(10,540)	7,068
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF PERIOD	25,660	18,592
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF PERIOD	15,120	25,660
NONCASH FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Payment of preferred stock dividends in common stock	91	120
Reclassification of accrued bonus to additional paid in capital	0	210
Common stock purchase warrants issued in connection with related party line of credit	$ 845	$ 671

Stock-Based Compensation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Stock-Based Compensation [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

9.	Stock-Based Compensation

Summary of Stock-Based Compensation Plans

At December 31, 2024, the Company has a stock-based compensation plan where the Company’s common stock has been made available for equity-based incentive grants as part of the Company’s compensation programs. In December 2019, the Company adopted the 2019 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”) which provided originally for the issuance of up to 4,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, subsequently increased to 7,000,000 in December 2021, and increased to 10,000,000 in December 2023 in the form of options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock and other stock-based awards to employees, officers, directors, consultants and other eligible persons. At December 31, 2024, 4,135,213 shares were available for future grant under the 2019 Plan. Also, the Company previously had the 2009 Incentive Compensation Plan (the “2009 Plan”) which, after amendments, provided for issuance of up to 6,733,334 shares of the Company’s common stock in the form of options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock and other stock-based awards to employees, officers, directors, consultants and other eligible persons. Provisions of the 2009 Plan stipulated that no grants could be made after February 2019; however, grants made prior to that date remain outstanding for their legal term.

Stock-Based Compensation

Following is the stock-based compensation expense related to common stock options, restricted common stock, common stock warrants and deferred stock units:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2024		2023
Research and development	$	1,222	$	829
General and administrative		1,225		1,432
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	2,447	$	2,261

The fair value of the options granted is determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The following weighted average assumptions were used:

	2024			2023
Risk-free interest rate		3.89	%		3.84	%
Expected life of the options	5.4 years			5.7 years
Expected volatility of the underlying stock		75.1	%		85.6	%
Expected dividend rate		0	%		0	%

As noted above, the fair value of stock options is determined by using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. For all options granted since January 1, 2006 the Company has generally used option terms of between 5 to 10 years, generally with 5 to 6 years representing the estimated life of options granted to employees. The volatility of the common stock is estimated using historical volatility over a period equal to the expected life at the date of grant. The risk-free interest rate used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model is determined by reference to historical U.S. Treasury constant maturity rates with terms equal to the expected terms of the awards. An expected dividend yield of zero is used in the option valuation model, because the Company does not expect to pay any cash dividends on common stock in the foreseeable future. At December 31, 2024, the Company does not anticipate any option awards will be forfeited in the calculation of compensation expense due to the limited number of employees that receive stock option grants and the Company’s historical employee turnover; however, any forfeitures will be accounted for as incurred.

The following table summarizes the stock option activity in the stock-based compensation plans:

	Number of Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Outstanding, December 31, 2022		5,745,561		$	2.90
Granted		1,025,000			1.18
Forfeited/Cancelled		(436,720	)		2.23
Exercised		—			—
Outstanding, December 31, 2023		6,333,841		$	2.66
Granted		1,373,000			1.86
Forfeited/Cancelled		(348,750	)		6.35
Exercised		(503,333	)		1.71
Outstanding, December 31, 2024		6,854,758		$	2.39		6.27	$	183
Exercisable, December 31, 2024		6,138,254		$	2.45		6.00	$	176

The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total pre-tax amount, net of exercise price, which would have been received by option holders if all option holders had exercised all options with an exercise price lower than the market price on December 31, 2024, based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock of $1.29 on that date.

The weighted-average grant-date fair values of options granted during 2024 and 2023 were $1.26 and $0.85, respectively. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were unvested options to purchase 716,504 and 1,792,080 shares of common stock, respectively. Total expected unrecognized compensation cost related to such unvested options is $775,000 at December 31, 2024, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.0 years.

During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, 1,966,167 and 1,119,168 options became vested, respectively. The total grant date fair value of options vested during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $2,772,748 and $1,384,284, respectively.

The following table summarizes additional information regarding outstanding and exercisable options under our stock-based compensation plans at December 31, 2024:

	Options Outstanding						Options Exercisable
Exercise Price (Range)	Number of Shares		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Number of Shares		Weighted Average Exercise Price
			(in years)
$0.89 – 1.50		1,134,206		7.13	$	1.16		934,202	$	1.12
$1.51 – 2.50		3,691,315		6.88		2.02		3,199,815		2.02
$2.51 – 5.00		1,809,237		4.88		3.48		1,784,237		3.48
$5.01 – 6.71		220,000		3.10		5.92		220,000		5.92
		6,854,758		6.27	$	2.39		6,138,254	$	2.45

Restricted Stock Issuances

In January 2024, the Company issued 408,000 restricted stock units to its employees valued at $734,000 at the date of grant. These restricted stock units would vest 100% if the Company publicly presents the results of the Interim Analysis of its NAVIGATE clinical trial on or before December 31, 2024. The Company believed it was probable that the vesting condition will be met and is amortized the restricted stock unit expense ratably in 2024. The vesting condition was met in December 2024.

In January 2024, one director elected to take a restricted stock grant in lieu of cash retainers for 2024. A total of 23,256 shares of restricted stock valued at approximately $40,000 was amortized to expense on a straight-line basis until December 31, 2024 when the stock vested in full.

In January 2023, one director elected to take a restricted stock grant in lieu of cash retainers for 2023. A total of 36,036 shares of restricted stock valued at approximately $40,000 was amortized to expense on a straight-line basis until December 31, 2023 when the stock vested in full.

Deferred Stock Units

In September 2020, the Company entered into an employment agreement with its new Chief Executive Officer whereby 20% of his base salary and performance bonuses will be paid in cash, and 80% will be paid in the form of deferred stock units (“DSUs”) through December 31, 2022 in accordance with the terms and subject to the provisions set forth in the DSU Agreement. DSUs credited to Mr. Lewis as of any date shall be fully vested and nonforfeitable at all times. Pursuant to an amendment to the DSU Agreement in July 2022, the Company shall issue the shares earned through December 31, 2022 underlying the outstanding whole number of DSUs credited to Mr. Lewis as follows: twenty five percent shall be issued on March 1, 2023, fifty percent shall be issued on March 1, 2024 and twenty five percent shall be issued on September 1, 2028.

On March 1, 2024, fifty percent of the DSU’s were issued to Mr. Lewis in accordance with the DSU Agreement. A total of 367,800 shares were due to be issued; however, 153,288 shares were withheld to cover income tax withholding of $300,445 resulting in 214,512 shares actually issued. On March 1, 2023, twenty five percent of the DSU’s were issued to Mr. Lewis in accordance with the DSU Agreement. A total of 183,900 shares were due to be issued; however, 75,529 shares were withheld to cover income tax withholding of $156,345 resulting in 108,371 shares actually issued.

Additionally, a 2023 DSU Agreement was executed in July 2022, whereby Mr. Lewis would continue to receive 20% of salary in cash and 80% in DSUs for 2023. The shares under the 2023 DSU Agreement are to be issued fifty percent on March 1, 2025 and fifty percent on January 5, 2026.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, approximately $459,000 of his compensation was recorded as stock compensation expense representing 275,126 shares of common stock to be issued under the DSU agreement with a weighted average grant date fair value of $1.71 per share. For the year ended December 31, 2022, approximately $418,000 of his compensation was recorded as stock compensation expense representing 268,596 shares of common stock to be issued under the DSU agreement with a weighted average grant date fair value of $1.56 per share.

Also, Mr. Lewis’ bonus for the year ended December 31, 2022 of $210,000 (which was included in accrued compensation at December 31, 2022) was approved in January 2023 and represents 143,836 shares of common stock to be issued under the DSU agreement with a grant date fair value of $1.46 per share. The $210,000 was reclassified from accrued compensation to additional paid in capital in January 2023. Mr. Lewis’ bonus for the year ended December 31, 2021 of $200,000 (which was included in accrued compensation at December 31, 2021) was approved in January 2022, and represents 103,627 shares of common stock to be issued under the DSU agreement with a grant date fair value of $1.93 per share. The $200,000 was reclassified from accrued compensation to additional paid in capital in January 2022.

There is no unrecognized compensation expense related to the DSUs.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Property and Equipment (Details)	Dec. 31, 2024
Computer and Office Equipment [Member]
Property and Equipment [Abstract]
Estimated useful life	3 years
Furniture and Fixtures [Member]
Property and Equipment [Abstract]
Estimated useful life	5 years

Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Fair Value of Financial Instruments [Abstract]

Assets and Liabilities Measured and Recorded at Fair Value on Recurring Basis

Level 3 assets and liabilities measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

	December 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Derivative Liability – Contingent Interest April Note	$	47,000	$	431,000
Derivative Liability – Contingent Interest September Note	$	94,000	$	169,000
Derivative Liability – Contingent Interest December Note	$	275,000	$	404,000

April Note [Member]

Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]

Key Assumptions Used in Model at Inception

	December 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
Stock Price	$	1.29		$	1.66
Conversion Price of conversion feature	$	5.00		$	5.00
Term	0.29 years			1.29 years
Risk Free Interest Rate		4.37	%		4.79	%
Credit Adjusted Discount Rate		12.43	%		12.86	%
Volatility		152	%		69	%
Dividend Rate		0	%		0	%

Roll Forward of Derivative Liability - Contingent Interest

The roll forward of the April 2021 Note derivative liability – contingent interest is as follows:

Balance – December 31, 2022	$	249,000
Fair Value Adjustment		182,000
Balance – December 31, 2023		431,000
Fair Value Adjustment		(384,000	)
Balance – December 31, 2024	$	47,000

September Note [Member]

Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]

Key Assumptions Used in Model at Inception

	December 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
Stock Price	$	1.29		$	1.66
Conversion Price of conversion feature	$	8.64		$	8.64
Term	0.72 years			1.72 years
Risk Free Interest Rate		4.16	%		4.23	%
Credit Adjusted Discount Rate		12.43	%		12.86	%
Volatility		111	%		75	%
Dividend Rate		0	%		0	%

Roll Forward of Derivative Liability - Contingent Interest

The roll forward of the September 2021 Note derivative liability – contingent interest is as follows:

Balance – December 31, 2022	$	109,000
Fair Value Adjustment		60,000
Balance – December 31, 2023		169,000
Fair Value Adjustment		(75,000	)
Balance – December 31, 2024	$	94,000

December Note [Member]

Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]

Key Assumptions Used in Model at Inception

	December 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
Stock Price	$	1.29		$	1.66
Conversion Price of conversion feature	$	5.43		$	5.43
Term	0.97 years			1.97 years
Risk Free Interest Rate		4.16	%		4.23	%
Credit Adjusted Discount Rate		12.43	%		12.86	%
Volatility		102	%		72	%
Dividend Rate		0	%		0	%

Roll Forward of Derivative Liability - Contingent Interest

The roll forward of the December 2021 Note derivative liability – contingent interest is as follows:

Balance – December 31, 2022	$	214,000
Fair Value Adjustment		190,000
Balance – December 31, 2023		404,000
Fair Value Adjustment		(129,000	)
Balance – December 31, 2024	$	275,000

Stock-Based Compensation, Stock Option Activity (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Stock Option Activity [Roll Forward]
Outstanding at beginning of period (in shares)	6,333,841	5,745,561
Granted (in shares)	1,373,000	1,025,000
Forfeited/cancelled (in shares)	(348,750)	(436,720)
Exercised (in shares)	(503,333)	0
Outstanding at end of period (in shares)	6,854,758	6,333,841
Exercisable, end of period (in shares)	6,138,254
Weighted Average Exercise Price [Abstract]
Outstanding at beginning of period (in dollars per share)	$ 2.66	$ 2.9
Granted (in dollars per share)	1.86	1.18
Forfeited/cancelled (in dollars per share)	6.35	2.23
Exercised (in dollars per share)	1.71	0
Outstanding at beginning of period (in dollars per share)	2.39	2.66
Exercisable, end of period (in dollars per share)	$ 2.45
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life [Abstract]
Outstanding end of the period	6 years 3 months 7 days
Exercisable, end of the period	6 years
Aggregate Intrinsic Value [Abstract]
Outstanding at end of period	$ 183,000
Exercisable, end of period	$ 176,000
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Nonvested Award, Cost Not yet Recognized [Abstract]
Closing price (in dollars per share)	$ 1.29
Weighted-average grant-date fair values of options granted (in dollars per share)	$ 1.26	$ 0.85
Unvested option (in shares)	716,504	1,792,080
Unrecognized compensation cost	$ 775,000
Unrecognized compensation cost, recognition period	1 year
Options vested (in shares)	1,966,167	1,119,168
Total fair value of options vested	$ 2,772,748	$ 1,384,284

Stockholders' Equity, Series A 12% Convertible Preferred Stock (Details) - $ / shares		12 Months Ended
	Feb. 04, 2008	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2024
Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Share price (in dollars per share)				$ 1.29
Series A 12% Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]
Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Preferred stock, dividend rate	12.00%
Shares issued, price (in dollars per share)	$ 6
Number of shares issued upon exercise of warrant (in shares)	1
Weighted average price percentage	100.00%
Convertible preferred stock (in shares)		25,000	507,500
Common stock issued upon conversion (in shares)		4,257	81,152
Series A 12% Convertible Preferred Stock [Member] \| Scenario 1 [Member]
Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Exercise price of warrant (in dollars per share)	$ 9
Number of consecutive trading days	20 days
Series A 12% Convertible Preferred Stock [Member] \| Scenario 2 [Member]
Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Exercise price of warrant (in dollars per share)	$ 12
Number of consecutive trading days	15 days
Series A 12% Convertible Preferred Stock [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Share price (in dollars per share)	$ 18

Convertible Notes Payable - Related Party (Details)							12 Months Ended
Convertible Notes Payable - Related Party (Details)	Dec. 30, 2025 USD ($)	Sep. 17, 2025 USD ($)	May 14, 2024 $ / shares shares	Dec. 20, 2021 USD ($) PromissoryNote $ / shares	Sep. 17, 2021 USD ($) loan PromissoryNote	Apr. 16, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Convertible Notes Payable - Related Party [Abstract]
Fair value of derivative liability							$ 47,000	$ 1,004,000
Change in fair value of derivative							(588,000)	432,000
April 2021 Note [Member]
Convertible Notes Payable - Related Party [Abstract]
Change in fair value of derivative							(384,000)	182,000
Amortization of debt discount							420,000
Additional interest expense							$ 105,000	105,000
April 2021 Note [Member] \| Richard E. Uihlein [Member]
Convertible Notes Payable - Related Party [Abstract]
Debt financing arrangement						$ 10,000,000
Convertible note principal						$ 10,000,000
Maturity date			Apr. 16, 2025				Apr. 16, 2025
Conversion price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares			$ 5				$ 5
Interest rate compounded annually							2.00%
Effective interest rate							3.00%
Accrued interest expense							$ 212,000	207,000
Additional interest rate per quarter						2.50%
Additional interest rate per annum from issuance date to maturity date period						10.00%
Fair value of derivative liability						$ 420,000	47,000	431,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares) \| shares			0
September 2021 Note [Member]
Convertible Notes Payable - Related Party [Abstract]
Change in fair value of derivative							(75,000)	60,000
Amortization of debt discount							433,000
Additional interest expense							$ 108,000	108,000
September 2021 Note [Member] \| Forecast [Member]
Convertible Notes Payable - Related Party [Abstract]
Convertible note payable repayment		$ 10,000,000
September 2021 Note [Member] \| Richard E. Uihlein [Member]
Convertible Notes Payable - Related Party [Abstract]
Debt financing arrangement					$ 20,000,000
Maturity date							Sep. 17, 2025
Number of loans closing \| loan					2
Number of promissory notes evidenced by loans agreement \| PromissoryNote					2
Number of promissory notes executed \| PromissoryNote					2
Conversion price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares							$ 8.64
Interest rate compounded annually							2.00%
Effective interest rate							3.00%
Accrued interest expense							$ 210,000	206,000
Additional interest rate per quarter					2.50%
Additional interest rate per annum from issuance date to maturity date period					10.00%
Fair value of derivative liability					$ 433,000		94,000	169,000
First Closing [Member] \| Richard E. Uihlein [Member]
Convertible Notes Payable - Related Party [Abstract]
Debt financing arrangement					$ 10,000,000
Second Closing [Member] \| Richard E. Uihlein [Member]
Convertible Notes Payable - Related Party [Abstract]
Debt financing arrangement				$ 10,000,000
December 2021 Note [Member]
Convertible Notes Payable - Related Party [Abstract]
Convertible note principal				$ 10,000,000
Maturity date				Dec. 20, 2025
Number of promissory notes evidenced by loans agreement \| PromissoryNote				2
Conversion price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares				$ 5.43
Interest rate compounded annually				2.00%
Effective interest rate				3.00%
Accrued interest expense							209,000	204,000
Additional interest rate per quarter				2.50%
Additional interest rate per annum from issuance date to maturity date period				10.00%
Fair value of derivative liability				$ 415,000			275,000	404,000
Change in fair value of derivative							(129,000)	190,000
Amortization of debt discount							415,000
Additional interest expense							$ 104,000	$ 104,000
December 2021 Note [Member] \| Forecast [Member]
Convertible Notes Payable - Related Party [Abstract]
Convertible note payable repayment	$ 10,000,000

Fair Value of Financial Instruments, Key Assumptions (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Stock Price [Member] \| April Note [Member]
Key Assumptions [Abstract]
Derivative liability, measurement input	1.29	1.66
Stock Price [Member] \| September Note [Member]
Key Assumptions [Abstract]
Derivative liability, measurement input	1.29	1.66
Stock Price [Member] \| December Note [Member]
Key Assumptions [Abstract]
Derivative liability, measurement input	1.29	1.66
Conversion Price of Conversion Feature [Member] \| April Note [Member]
Key Assumptions [Abstract]
Derivative liability, measurement input	5	5
Conversion Price of Conversion Feature [Member] \| September Note [Member]
Key Assumptions [Abstract]
Derivative liability, measurement input	8.64	8.64
Conversion Price of Conversion Feature [Member] \| December Note [Member]
Key Assumptions [Abstract]
Derivative liability, measurement input	5.43	5.43
Term [Member] \| April Note [Member]
Key Assumptions [Abstract]
Term	3 months 14 days	1 year 3 months 14 days
Term [Member] \| September Note [Member]
Key Assumptions [Abstract]
Term	8 months 19 days	1 year 8 months 19 days
Term [Member] \| December Note [Member]
Key Assumptions [Abstract]
Term	11 months 19 days	1 year 11 months 19 days
Risk Free Interest Rate [Member] \| April Note [Member]
Key Assumptions [Abstract]
Derivative liability, measurement input	0.0437	0.0479
Risk Free Interest Rate [Member] \| September Note [Member]
Key Assumptions [Abstract]
Derivative liability, measurement input	0.0416	0.0423
Risk Free Interest Rate [Member] \| December Note [Member]
Key Assumptions [Abstract]
Derivative liability, measurement input	0.0416	0.0423
Credit Adjusted Discount Rate [Member] \| April Note [Member]
Key Assumptions [Abstract]
Derivative liability, measurement input	0.1243	0.1286
Credit Adjusted Discount Rate [Member] \| September Note [Member]
Key Assumptions [Abstract]
Derivative liability, measurement input	0.1243	0.1286
Credit Adjusted Discount Rate [Member] \| December Note [Member]
Key Assumptions [Abstract]
Derivative liability, measurement input	0.1243	0.1286
Volatility [Member] \| April Note [Member]
Key Assumptions [Abstract]
Derivative liability, measurement input	1.52	0.69
Volatility [Member] \| September Note [Member]
Key Assumptions [Abstract]
Derivative liability, measurement input	1.11	0.75
Volatility [Member] \| December Note [Member]
Key Assumptions [Abstract]
Derivative liability, measurement input	1.02	0.72
Dividend Rate [Member] \| April Note [Member]
Key Assumptions [Abstract]
Derivative liability, measurement input	0	0
Dividend Rate [Member] \| September Note [Member]
Key Assumptions [Abstract]
Derivative liability, measurement input	0	0
Dividend Rate [Member] \| December Note [Member]
Key Assumptions [Abstract]
Derivative liability, measurement input	0	0

Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended
Insider Trading Arrangements	Dec. 31, 2024
Insider Trading Arrangements [Line Items]
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false

Income Taxes, Components of Net Deferred Tax Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Deferred Tax Assets [Abstract]
Operating loss carryforwards	$ 63,057	$ 61,427
Tax credit carryforwards	9,010	6,476
Other temporary differences	18,276	10,533
Deferred tax assets, gross	90,343	78,436
Less valuation allowance	(90,343)	(78,436)
Net deferred tax asset	$ 0	$ 0

Property and Equipment (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Property and Equipment [Abstract]

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consist of the following at December 31:

	2024			2023
	(in thousands)
Leasehold improvements	$	2		$	2
Computer and office equipment		13			13
Furniture and fixtures		59			59
Total		74			74
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization		(74	)		(74	)
Property and equipment — net	$	—		$	—

Warrants, Summary of Purchase Warrants (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 22, 2023
Common Stock Warrants Purchase Agreement [Abstract]
Closing price (in dollars per share)			$ 1.29
Deemed dividend	$ 3,619,000
Fair Value Assumptions Before and After Extension of warrants [Abstract]
Expected life			5 years 4 months 24 days	5 years 8 months 12 days
Expected volatility			75.10%	85.60%
Risk free interest rate			3.89%	3.84%
Expected dividend			0.00%	0.00%
Minimum [Member]
Common Stock Warrants Purchase Agreement [Abstract]
Number of consecutive trading days to be considered in purchase agreement			10 days
Fair Value Assumptions Before and After Extension of warrants [Abstract]
Expected life			5 years
Maximum [Member]
Fair Value Assumptions Before and After Extension of warrants [Abstract]
Expected life			6 years
10X Fund L.P [Member]
Common Stock Warrants Purchase Agreement [Abstract]
Period of prior notice that would bar voluntary exercise of any warrants			61 days
Common Stock [Member] \| 10X Fund L.P., and 10X Capital Management LLC [Member]
Common Stock Warrants Purchase Agreement [Abstract]
Warrants to purchase common stock (in shares)	5,732,253				5,732,253
Threshold period for extension of exercise date of purchase warrants under purchase agreement			30 days
Threshold period for stock closing price in 10 consecutive days under purchase warrants agreement			30 days
Common Stock [Member] \| 10X Fund L.P., and 10X Capital Management LLC [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Common Stock Warrants Purchase Agreement [Abstract]
Closing price (in dollars per share)			$ 6
Series B Warrants [Member] \| 10X Fund L.P [Member]
Common Stock Warrants Purchase Agreement [Abstract]
Beneficial ownership percentage			9.99%
Warrants [Member]
Fair Value Assumptions Before and After Extension of warrants [Abstract]
Expected life		4 years 9 months 29 days	7 years
Expected volatility		78.00%	92.00%
Risk free interest rate		3.58%	3.19%
Expected dividend		0.00%	0.00%
Warrants [Member] \| Before Modification [Member]
Fair Value Assumptions Before and After Extension of warrants [Abstract]
Risk free interest rate			5.37%
Expected dividend			0.00%
Warrants [Member] \| Before Modification [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Fair Value Assumptions Before and After Extension of warrants [Abstract]
Expected life			0 years
Expected volatility			71.00%
Warrants [Member] \| Before Modification [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Fair Value Assumptions Before and After Extension of warrants [Abstract]
Expected life			1 year 7 months 17 days
Expected volatility			77.00%
Warrants [Member] \| After Modification [Member]
Fair Value Assumptions Before and After Extension of warrants [Abstract]
Expected life			3 years
Expected volatility			79.00%
Risk free interest rate			4.59%
Expected dividend			0.00%

Stock-Based Compensation, Restricted Stock Issuances (Details)	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2024 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($) Director shares	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) Director shares
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Noncash Expense [Abstract]
Amortized expense		$ 2,447,000	$ 2,261,000
Restricted Stock [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Noncash Expense [Abstract]
Number of Directors \| Director		1	1
Restricted stock awards granted (in shares) \| shares	408,000	36,036	23,256
Restricted stock units valued at grant	$ 734,000
Vesting percentage of Restricted Stock Units		100.00%
Amortized expense		$ 40,000	$ 40,000

Accrued Expenses (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Accrued Expenses [Abstract]
Legal and accounting fees	$ 74,000	$ 40,000
Accrued compensation	1,523,000	1,129,000
Lease liability	$ 19,000	$ 46,000
Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Total	Total
Accrued research and development costs and other	$ 6,588,000	$ 7,967,000
Total	$ 8,204,000	$ 9,182,000

Warrants, Summary of Warrant Activity (Details) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Weighted Average Exercise Price [Abstract]
Outstanding at beginning of period (in dollars per share)	$ 4.22	$ 4.37
Issued (in dollars per share)	3.7	3.09
Exercised (in dollars per share)	3	4.49
Canceled/Expired (in dollars per share)	4.33	4.94
Outstanding at end of period (in dollars per share)	$ 4.21	$ 4.22
Weighted average expiration term of warrants outstanding	2 years 2 months 12 days
Warrants [Member]
Warrants Activity [Roll Forward]
Outstanding at beginning of period (in shares)	9,256,493	11,557,964
Issued (in shares)	600,000	600,000
Exercised (in shares)	(142,503)	(2,236,204)
Canceled/Expired (in shares)	(118,050)	(665,267)
Outstanding at end of period (in shares)	9,595,940	9,256,493

Segments - Significant Asset Categories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 15,120	$ 25,660
Business Operating Segment [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 15,120	$ 25,660

Stockholders' Equity

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity

7.	Stockholders’ Equity

At December 31, 2024, the Company had 150,000,000 shares of common stock and 20,000,000 undesignated shares authorized. As of December 31, 2024, 1,742,500 shares have been designated for Series A 12% Convertible Preferred Stock, 900,000 shares have been designated for Series B-1 Convertible Preferred Stock, 2,100,000 shares have been designated for Series B-2 Convertible Preferred Stock, 1,000 shares have been designated for Series C Super Dividend Convertible Preferred Stock, 2,508,000 shares have been designated for Series B-3 Convertible Preferred Stock, 12,748,500 have been designated as common stock and no shares remain undesignated. All issued and outstanding shares of Series B-1, Series B-2 and Series B-3 Preferred Stock were converted into Common Stock on January 19, 2019.

2020 At Market Issuance of Common Stock

On May 11, 2020, the Company entered into an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement (the “2020 At Market Agreement”) with a sales agent under which the Company may issue and sell shares of its common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $40.0 million from time to time through the sales agent. Sales of the Company’s common stock through the sales agent, if any, will be made by any method that is deemed an “at the market” offering as defined by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. The Company will pay to the sales agent a commission rate equal to 3.0% of the gross proceeds from the sale of any shares of common stock sold through the sales agent under the 2020 At Market Agreement. There were no issuances of common stock under the 2020 At Market Agreement during the year ended December 31, 2024 or 2023.

Series A 12% Convertible Preferred Stock — February 4, 2008 Private Placement

On February 4, 2008, the Company closed a private placement begun in October 2007 of its Series A 12% Convertible Preferred Stock (“Series A”) and related warrants. In this transaction, the Company sold units of securities at $6.00 per unit, each unit comprised of (i) one share of Series A Preferred, (ii) a warrant to purchase one share of common stock for $9.00, and (iii) a warrant to purchase one share of common stock for $12.00. Each share of the Series A is entitled to dividends at the rate of 12% per annum payable at the Company’s option in cash or shares of common stock valued at the higher of $6.00 per share or 100% of the value weighted average price of the Company’s share price for the 20 consecutive trading days prior to the applicable dividend payment date. Dividends are payable semi-annually on March 30 and September 30. The dividend paid on the initial dividend payment date is calculated from the date the Company deposited each subscription advance.

The shares of Series A are entitled to vote as a class with the Company’s common stock and each share of Series A is convertible at any time to one-sixth of a share of common stock, subject to adjustment in the event of a stock dividend, stock split or combination, reclassification or similar event. The Company has the right to require conversion if the closing price of the common stock exceeds $18.00 for 15 consecutive trading days and a registration statement covering the resale of the shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the Series A is then in effect. Each warrant is exercisable solely for cash beginning August 3, 2008 and expired on February 4, 2012. The exercise price of each warrant is adjustable in the event of a stock split or stock combination, capital reorganization, merger or similar event.

In 2023, 25,000 shares of Series A were converted into 4,257 shares of common stock. Prior to 2021, a total of 507,500 shares of Series A had been converted into 81,152 shares of common stock.

Series C 6% Super Dividend Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock

On December 29, 2010, the Company designated and authorized the sale and issuance of up to 1,000 shares of Series C Super Dividend Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock (“Series C”) with a par value of $0.01 and a stated value equal to $10,000 (the “Stated Value”).

On December 30, 2010, the Company sold and issued 212 shares of Series C at a price of $10,000 per share for gross proceeds of $2,120,000. The Company incurred $47,000 of cash transaction costs resulting in net cash proceeds of $2,073,000. In addition, the Company issued 500 warrants exercisable at $7.20 to a placement agent which had a de minimis value. Additionally, in January 2011, the Company sold and issued 13 shares of Series C at a price of $10,000 per share for gross proceeds of $130,000.

The terms of the Series C are as follows:

Conversion Rights. Each holder of Series C may convert all, but not less than all, of his Series C shares plus accrued and unpaid dividends into Common Stock at the price of $6.00 per share of Common Stock (“Conversion Price”), such that approximately 1,667 shares of Common Stock will be issued per each converted share of Series C (accrued and unpaid dividends will be issued as additional shares). At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the 176 outstanding shares of Series C were convertible into a total of approximately 293,340 shares of Common Stock.

Subject to the continuing obligation to pay post conversion dividends, the Company may convert all, but not less than all, of the Series C (plus all accrued and unpaid dividends) into Common Stock, at the Conversion Price, upon such time that the closing price of the Common Stock is no less than $18.00 per share for 15 consecutive trading days.

Dividends. Holders of Series C shall be entitled to receive cumulative non-compounding dividends at the rate per share of Series C equal to the greater of (i) 6% per annum of the Stated Value (also defined as the “Floor”) or (ii) 2.5% of net sales until the total dividends paid is equal to the initial investment and 1.25% of net sales thereafter. The maximum amount each Series C shareholder will receive in dividend payments is equal to $100,000 (the “Maximum Payout”). For purposes of this dividend calculation, net sales shall mean gross revenues actually received by the Company, from the sale or licensing of the product DAVANAT^® (GM-CT-01), less chargebacks, returns, expenses attributable to product recalls, duties, customs, sales tax, freight, insurance, shipping expenses, allowances and other customary deductions.

The dividend shall be payable in arrears semiannually on March 31 and September 30, beginning with the first such date after the original issue date; provided, however, that all dividends and all other distributions shall cease, and no further dividends or other distributions shall be paid, in respect of each share of Series C from and after such time that the Maximum Payout has been paid in respect of such share of Series C. Such dividends shall be payable at the Company’s option either in cash or in duly authorized, fully paid and non-assessable shares of Common Stock valued at the higher of (i) $3.00 per share or (ii) the average of the Common Stock trading price for the ten (10) consecutive trading days ending on the trading day that is immediately prior to the dividend payment date.

Series C Post Conversion Dividend Right. In the event that any share of Series C is converted into Common Stock before the Maximum Payout is paid in respect of such converted share of Series C, then the holder shall have the right to continue to receive dividends in respect of such converted share of Series C equal to the remaining payout (the “Series C Preferred Stock Post Conversion Dividend Right”) which shall be equal to the Maximum Payout less the cumulative dividends received through the conversion date. One share of Series C Preferred Stock Post Conversion Dividend Right shall be issued for each such converted share of Series C. The holder of each Series C Preferred Stock Post Conversion Dividend Right shall receive the remaining payout on an equal basis and in conjunction with the then outstanding shares of Series C and all the other then outstanding Series C Post Conversion Dividend Rights, in the same manner and subject to the same terms and conditions as applicable to the payment of dividends on each share of Series C, except that for purposes of calculating the dividend the Floor shall not apply. The Series C Preferred Stock Post Conversion Dividend Right shall have no stated value, liquidation preference or right to any dividends or distributions other than the remaining payout. The Series C Preferred Stock Post Conversion Right is subject to redemption in the same manner as outstanding Series C shares.

At the date of issuance, the Series C have an embedded dividend right to continue to receive dividend payments after conversion to common stock (the Series C Post Conversion Dividend Right) which requires bifurcation. The value of this post conversion dividend right on the date of issuance was determined to be de minimis due to the fact that the payment of a dividend stream other than the 6% dividend and conversion of Series C prior to the Company achieving sales of GM-CT-01 was deemed improbable at that time. Upon a conversion of the Series C, the Company will be required to record a liability and the related expense during the period of conversion.

In July 2011, 5 shares of Series C were converted into 8,334 shares of common stock and 5 Series C Post Conversion Dividend Rights (Dividend Rights) were issued. In 2013, 24 shares of Series C were converted into 40,193 shares of common stock and 24 Dividend Rights were issued. In 2014, 20 shares of Series C were converted into 33,756 shares of common stock and 20 Dividend Rights were issued. Per the terms of the Series C, these Dividend Rights shall continue to participate in dividends, however the Floor shall not apply. At December 31, 2016 and 2015, these Dividend Rights were determined to have a de minimis value, as the payment of a dividend is considered improbable at this time. The Company will continue to evaluate and assess the Series C Post Conversion Dividend Right for each reporting period.

Liquidation Rights. In the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, either voluntarily or involuntarily, the holders of Series C will receive $10,000 per share plus accrued and unpaid dividends, payable prior and in preference to any distributions to the holders of Common Stock but after and subordinate to the Series A 12% Convertible Preferred Stock (“Series A”), Series B-1 and Series B-2, subject to the Maximum Payout.

Redemption. Upon a sale of the Company, the Company shall redeem all of the then outstanding shares of Series C and Series C Preferred Stock Post Conversion Rights within thirty (30) days after the transaction constituting the sale of the Company is closed and such closing is fully funded. The price to redeem a share of Series C and each redeemed Series C Preferred Stock Post Conversion Redemption Right shall be equal to (i) (A) the applicable return on investment (“ROI”) percentage, multiplied by (B) $10,000, minus (ii) the cumulative dividends received through the redemption date. The redemption price shall be payable at the Company’s option either in cash or in shares of common stock valued at the higher of (i) $3.00 per share or (ii) the average market price for the ten consecutive trading days ending immediately prior to the date of redemption. The ROI Percentage shall mean the percentage that applies as of the redemption date, as follows:

ROI Percentage


200%	before the second anniversary of the date of issuance;
250%	on or after the second anniversary of the date of issuance, but before the third anniversary of the date of issuance;
300%	on or after the third anniversary of the date of issuance, but before the fourth anniversary of the date of issuance;
350%	on or after the fourth anniversary of the date of issuance, but before the fifth anniversary of the date of issuance;
400%	on or after the fifth anniversary of the date of issuance, but before the sixth anniversary of the date of issuance;
450%	on or after the sixth anniversary of the date of issuance, but before the seventh anniversary of the date of issuance;
500%	on or after the seventh anniversary of the date of issuance, but before the eighth anniversary of the date of issuance; and
550%	on or after the eighth anniversary of the date of issuance, but before the ninth anniversary of the date of issuance.

Due to the redemption feature, the Company has presented the Series C outside of permanent equity, in the mezzanine of the consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2024 and 2023. At December 31, 2024, the Series C redemption value was $8,018,000.

Voting Rights. The Series C shares have no voting rights.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for equity.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
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Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 235
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477968/946-235-50-2

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478448/946-505-50-6

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Subparagraph (a)
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480237/815-40-50-6

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Paragraph 1
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 235
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(e)(1))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1

Reference 10: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/505/tableOfContent

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-13

Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Subparagraph (i)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-13

Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Paragraph 14
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-14

Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-18

Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
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-Paragraph 18
-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-18

+ Details

Stock-Based Compensation, Components of Stock-Based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Stock-Based Compensation Expense [Abstract]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 2,447	$ 2,261
Research and Development [Member]
Stock-Based Compensation Expense [Abstract]
Total stock-based compensation expense	1,222	829
General and Administrative [Member]
Stock-Based Compensation Expense [Abstract]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 1,225	$ 1,432

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN REDEEMABLE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Preferred Stock [Member] Series A 12% Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Retained Deficit [Member]	Total
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022					$ 1,723
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022					176
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2023					$ 1,723
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023					176
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 510	$ 59	$ 275,081	$ (309,567)	$ (33,917)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022	1,260,000	59,426,005
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Series A 12% convertible preferred stock dividend			50	(50)
Series A 12% convertible preferred stock dividend (in shares)		25,200
Series C super dividend redeemable convertible preferred stock dividend			70	(70)
Series C super dividend redeemable convertible preferred stock dividend (in shares)		35,200
Conversion of Series A Convertible Preferred to common	$ (10)		10
Conversion of Series A Convertible Preferred to common (in shares)	(25,000)	4,257
Issuance of common stock from exercise of warrants		$ 2	10,031		$ 10,033
Issuance of common stock from exercise of warrants (in shares)		2,236,204
Issuance of common stock from exercise of stock options, net of shares withheld for exercise (in shares)					0
Issuance of common stock purchase warrants in connection with related party line of credit			671		$ 671
Warrant modification			3,619	(3,619)
Stock-based compensation expense			2,315		2,315
Stock-based compensation expense (in shares)		126,048
Net loss				(41,066)	(41,066)
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 500	$ 61	291,847	(354,372)	(61,964)
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023	1,235,000	61,852,914
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2024					$ 1,723
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2024					176
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Series A 12% convertible preferred stock dividend			64	(64)
Series A 12% convertible preferred stock dividend (in shares)		24,700
Series C super dividend redeemable convertible preferred stock dividend			89	(89)
Series C super dividend redeemable convertible preferred stock dividend (in shares)		35,200
Issuance of common stock from exercise of warrants		$ 1	427		$ 428
Issuance of common stock from exercise of warrants (in shares)		142,370
Issuance of common stock from exercise of stock options, net of shares withheld for exercise			799		$ 799
Issuance of common stock from exercise of stock options, net of shares withheld for exercise (in shares)		473,370			503,333
Issuance of common stock from restricted stock units (in shares)		378,000
Issuance of common stock purchase warrants in connection with related party line of credit			845		$ 845
Stock-based compensation expense			2,146		2,146
Stock-based compensation expense (in shares)		250,548
Net loss				(47,047)	(47,047)
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2024	$ 500	$ 62	$ 296,217	$ (401,572)	$ (104,793)
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2024	1,235,000	63,157,235

Stockholders' Equity, Return on Investment (Details)	12 Months Ended
Stockholders' Equity, Return on Investment (Details)	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($) Rights
ROI Percentage [Abstract]
ROI before second anniversary of date of issuance	200.00%
ROI after second anniversary but before third anniversary of date of issuance	250.00%
ROI after third anniversary but before fourth anniversary of date of issuance	300.00%
ROI after fourth anniversary but before fifth anniversary of date of issuance	350.00%
ROI after fifth anniversary but before sixth anniversary of date of issuance	400.00%
ROI after sixth anniversary but before seventh anniversary of date of issuance	450.00%
ROI after seventh anniversary but before eighth anniversary of date of issuance	500.00%
ROI after eighth anniversary but before ninth anniversary of date of issuance	550.00%
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Abstract]
Convertible preferred stock, redemption value	$ 8,018,000
Series C 6% Super Dividend Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Abstract]
Convertible preferred stock, redemption value	$ 8,018,000
Convertible preferred stock, voting rights \| Rights	0

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Warrants (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Warrants [Abstract]
Warrant liabilities	$ 0	$ 0

- Definition

Fair value, after the effects of master netting arrangements, of a financial liability or contract with one or more underlyings, notional amount or payment provision or both, and the contract can be net settled by means outside the contract or delivery of an asset. Includes liabilities not subject to a master netting arrangement and not elected to be offset.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 820
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (bbb)(2)(i)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 820
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (bbb)(2)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 820
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (bbb)(1)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 820
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 820
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 820
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-3

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 210
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6
-Subparagraph (e)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478795/946-210-50-6

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 210
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6
-Subparagraph (a)(1)
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478795/946-210-50-6

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 210
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6
-Subparagraph (a)(2)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478795/946-210-50-6

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 210
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6
-Subparagraph (a)(4)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478795/946-210-50-6

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 210
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (a)(1)
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478795/946-210-50-1

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 210
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (b)(1)
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478795/946-210-50-1

Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 210
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (b)(2)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478795/946-210-50-1

Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 210
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (c)(2)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478795/946-210-50-1

Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6
-Subparagraph (f)
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478795/946-210-50-6

Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 210
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6
-Subparagraph (a)(3)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478795/946-210-50-6

Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 210
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(9)(e))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-1

Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 320
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Subparagraph (SX 210.12-13C(Column H)(Footnote 7))
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477271/946-320-S99-5C

Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 20: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 21: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 22: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 23: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 24: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 320
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-Paragraph 5A
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Reference 25: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
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Reference 26: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 27: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 210
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483466/210-20-50-3

Reference 28: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 210
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Paragraph 22
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483444/210-20-55-22

Reference 29: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 210
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483444/210-20-55-10

Reference 30: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 825
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 10
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-10

+ Details

Warrants, Summary of Outstanding Warrants Issued in Connection with Equity and Debt Financing and Consultants (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024 $ / shares shares
Outstanding Warrants [Abstract]
Number outstanding (in shares) \| shares	9,595,940
February 12, 2009 Series B-1 Transaction [Member]
Outstanding Warrants [Abstract]
Number outstanding (in shares) \| shares	1,200,000
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 3
Exercisable date	Feb. 12, 2009
Expiration date	Sep. 30, 2026
Warrant issue date	Feb. 12, 2009
Warrants issued price (in dollars per share)	$ 3
May 13, 2009 Series B-2 Transaction [Member]
Outstanding Warrants [Abstract]
Number outstanding (in shares) \| shares	525,119
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 3
Exercisable date	May 13, 2009
Expiration date	Sep. 30, 2026
Warrant issue date	May 13, 2009
Warrants issued price (in dollars per share)	$ 3
June 30, 2009 Series B-2 Transaction [Member]
Outstanding Warrants [Abstract]
Number outstanding (in shares) \| shares	306,547
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 3
Exercisable date	Jun. 30, 2009
Expiration date	Sep. 30, 2026
Warrant issue date	Jun. 30, 2009
Warrants issued price (in dollars per share)	$ 3
August 12, 2009 Series B-2 Transaction [Member]
Outstanding Warrants [Abstract]
Number outstanding (in shares) \| shares	183,928
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 3
Exercisable date	Aug. 12, 2009
Expiration date	Sep. 30, 2026
Warrant issue date	Aug. 12, 2009
Warrants issued price (in dollars per share)	$ 3
September 30, 2009 Series B-2 Transaction [Member]
Outstanding Warrants [Abstract]
Number outstanding (in shares) \| shares	195,922
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 3
Exercisable date	Sep. 30, 2009
Expiration date	Sep. 30, 2026
Warrant issue date	Sep. 30, 2009
Warrants issued price (in dollars per share)	$ 3
November 4, 2009 Series B-2 Transaction [Member]
Outstanding Warrants [Abstract]
Number outstanding (in shares) \| shares	85,463
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 3
Exercisable date	Nov. 04, 2009
Expiration date	Sep. 30, 2026
Warrant issue date	Nov. 04, 2009
Warrants issued price (in dollars per share)	$ 3
December 8, 2009 Series B-2 Transaction [Member]
Outstanding Warrants [Abstract]
Number outstanding (in shares) \| shares	110,919
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 3
Exercisable date	Dec. 08, 2009
Expiration date	Sep. 30, 2026
Warrant issue date	Dec. 08, 2009
Warrants issued price (in dollars per share)	$ 3
January 29, 2010 Series B-2 Transaction [Member]
Outstanding Warrants [Abstract]
Number outstanding (in shares) \| shares	198,664
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 3
Exercisable date	Jan. 29, 2010
Expiration date	Sep. 30, 2026
Warrant issue date	Jan. 29, 2010
Warrants issued price (in dollars per share)	$ 3
January 29, 2010 Series B-2 Transaction [Member]
Outstanding Warrants [Abstract]
Number outstanding (in shares) \| shares	18,003
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 3
Exercisable date	Jan. 29, 2010
Expiration date	Jan. 29, 2025
Warrant issue date	Jan. 29, 2010
Warrants issued price (in dollars per share)	$ 3
March 8, 2010 Series B-2 Transaction [Member]
Outstanding Warrants [Abstract]
Number outstanding (in shares) \| shares	184,132
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 3
Exercisable date	Mar. 08, 2010
Expiration date	Sep. 30, 2026
Warrant issue date	Mar. 08, 2010
Warrants issued price (in dollars per share)	$ 3
March 8, 2010 Series B-2 Transaction [Member]
Outstanding Warrants [Abstract]
Number outstanding (in shares) \| shares	39,202
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 3
Exercisable date	Mar. 08, 2010
Expiration date	Mar. 08, 2025
Warrant issue date	Mar. 08, 2010
Warrants issued price (in dollars per share)	$ 3
April 30, 2010 Series B-2 Transaction [Member]
Outstanding Warrants [Abstract]
Number outstanding (in shares) \| shares	180,689
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 3
Exercisable date	Apr. 30, 2010
Expiration date	Sep. 30, 2026
Warrant issue date	Apr. 30, 2010
Warrants issued price (in dollars per share)	$ 3
April 30, 2010 Series B-2 Transaction [Member]
Outstanding Warrants [Abstract]
Number outstanding (in shares) \| shares	23,503
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 3
Exercisable date	Apr. 30, 2010
Expiration date	Apr. 30, 2025
Warrant issue date	Apr. 30, 2010
Warrants issued price (in dollars per share)	$ 3
May 10, 2010 Series B-2 Transaction [Member]
Outstanding Warrants [Abstract]
Number outstanding (in shares) \| shares	112,631
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 3
Exercisable date	May 10, 2010
Expiration date	Sep. 30, 2026
Warrant issue date	May 10, 2010
Warrants issued price (in dollars per share)	$ 3
May 10, 2010 Series B-2 Transaction [Member]
Outstanding Warrants [Abstract]
Number outstanding (in shares) \| shares	30,535
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 3
Exercisable date	May 10, 2010
Expiration date	May 10, 2025
Warrant issue date	May 10, 2010
Warrants issued price (in dollars per share)	$ 3
September 22, 2016 Series B-3 Transaction [Member]
Outstanding Warrants [Abstract]
Number outstanding (in shares) \| shares	682,572
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 3
Exercisable date	Sep. 22, 2016
Expiration date	Sep. 30, 2026
Warrant issue date	Sep. 22, 2016
Warrants issued price (in dollars per share)	$ 3
September 29, 2016 Series B-3 Transaction [Member]
Outstanding Warrants [Abstract]
Number outstanding (in shares) \| shares	843,351
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 3
Exercisable date	Sep. 29, 2016
Expiration date	Sep. 30, 2026
Warrant issue date	Sep. 29, 2016
Warrants issued price (in dollars per share)	$ 3
December 23, 2016 Series B-3 Transaction [Member]
Outstanding Warrants [Abstract]
Number outstanding (in shares) \| shares	922,316
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 3
Exercisable date	Dec. 23, 2016
Expiration date	Sep. 30, 2026
Warrant issue date	Dec. 23, 2016
Warrants issued price (in dollars per share)	$ 3
2018 and 2017 Warrants issued for services [Member]
Outstanding Warrants [Abstract]
Number outstanding (in shares) \| shares	290
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 5
May 23, 2019 Rights Offering warrants [Member]
Outstanding Warrants [Abstract]
Number outstanding (in shares) \| shares	2,622,154
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 7
Exercisable date	May 23, 2019
Expiration date	May 23, 2026
Warrant issue date	May 23, 2019
July 22, 2022 Warrants Issued in Connection with Related Party Line of Credit [Member]
Outstanding Warrants [Abstract]
Number outstanding (in shares) \| shares	330,000
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 5
Exercisable date	Jul. 22, 2022
Expiration date	Jul. 31, 2029
Warrant issue date	Jul. 22, 2022
December 29, 2023 Warrants Issued for Draw on Related Party Line of Credit [Member]
Outstanding Warrants [Abstract]
Number outstanding (in shares) \| shares	200,000
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 3
Exercisable date	Dec. 29, 2023
Expiration date	Jul. 31, 2029
Warrant issue date	Dec. 29, 2023
March 29, 2024 Warrants Issued for Draw on Related Party Line of Credit [Member]
Outstanding Warrants [Abstract]
Number outstanding (in shares) \| shares	200,000
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 3.59
Exercisable date	Mar. 29, 2024
Expiration date	Jul. 31, 2029
Warrant issue date	Mar. 29, 2024
June 28, 2024 Warrants Issued for Draw on Related Party Line of Credit [Member]
Outstanding Warrants [Abstract]
Number outstanding (in shares) \| shares	200,000
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 3.39
Exercisable date	Jun. 29, 2024
Expiration date	Jul. 31, 2029
Warrant issue date	Jun. 28, 2024
September 30, 2024 Warrants Issued for Draw on Related Party Line of Credit [Member]
Outstanding Warrants [Abstract]
Number outstanding (in shares) \| shares	200,000
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 4.13
Exercisable date	Sep. 30, 2024
Expiration date	Jul. 31, 2029
Warrant issue date	Sep. 30, 2024

Convertible Line of Credit - Related Party and Supplemental Lines of Credit - Related Party (Details) - USD ($)								3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2025	Nov. 14, 2024	Jun. 28, 2024	Mar. 29, 2024	Dec. 29, 2023	Dec. 19, 2022	Jul. 25, 2022	Jun. 30, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Convertible Line of Credit - Related Party [Abstract]
Share price (in dollars per share)											$ 1.29
Proceeds from lines of credit											$ 30,000,000	$ 30,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)											$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Expected life											5 years 4 months 24 days	5 years 8 months 12 days
Expected volatility											75.10%	85.60%
Risk free interest rate											3.89%	3.84%
Expected dividend											0.00%	0.00%
Warrants [Member]
Convertible Line of Credit - Related Party [Abstract]
Warrants issuance value							$ 738,000
Expected life										4 years 9 months 29 days	7 years
Expected volatility										78.00%	92.00%
Risk free interest rate										3.58%	3.19%
Expected dividend										0.00%	0.00%
Amortization of interest expense											$ 210,000	$ 209,000
Warrant One [Member]
Convertible Line of Credit - Related Party [Abstract]
Warrants issuance value						$ 160,780
Expected life											7 years
Expected volatility											91.00%
Risk free interest rate											4.06%
Expected dividend											0.00%
Amortization of interest expense											$ 52,000	51,000
Warrant Two [Member]
Convertible Line of Credit - Related Party [Abstract]
Warrants issuance value			$ 260,000	$ 277,389				$ 179,920	$ 296,680		$ 193,745
Expected life			5 years 10 days	5 years 3 months 29 days				6 years 29 days	6 years 3 months 29 days		5 years 8 months 12 days
Expected volatility			77.00%	75.00%				85.00%	88.00%		79.00%
Risk free interest rate			4.29%	4.19%				3.59%	3.94%		4.49%
Expected dividend			0.00%	0.00%				0.00%	0.00%		0.00%
Amortization of interest expense											$ 105,000	79,000
Warrant Three [Member]
Convertible Line of Credit - Related Party [Abstract]
Amortization of interest expense											69,000	35,000
Warrant Four [Member]
Convertible Line of Credit - Related Party [Abstract]
Amortization of interest expense											93,000
Warrant Five [Member]
Convertible Line of Credit - Related Party [Abstract]
Amortization of interest expense											114,000
Warrant Six [Member]
Convertible Line of Credit - Related Party [Abstract]
Amortization of interest expense											82,000
Warrant Seven [Member]
Convertible Line of Credit - Related Party [Abstract]
Amortization of interest expense											$ 58,000
Minimum [Member]
Convertible Line of Credit - Related Party [Abstract]
Expected life											5 years
Maximum [Member]
Convertible Line of Credit - Related Party [Abstract]
Expected life											6 years
Richard E. Uihlein [Member]
Convertible Line of Credit - Related Party [Abstract]
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)							$ 0.001
Percentage of warrants equal to the closing price of common stock							150.00%
Warrants expiry date											Jul. 31, 2029
Richard E. Uihlein [Member] \| Warrants [Member]
Convertible Line of Credit - Related Party [Abstract]
Exercise price of warrant (in dollars per share)							$ 5
Richard E. Uihlein [Member] \| Warrant One [Member]
Convertible Line of Credit - Related Party [Abstract]
Exercise price of warrant (in dollars per share)			$ 3.39	$ 3.59	$ 3	$ 3		$ 3	$ 3.26
Richard E. Uihlein [Member] \| Line of Credit [Member]
Convertible Line of Credit - Related Party [Abstract]
Line of credit							$ 60,000,000				$ 6,000,000
Additional short term borrowing interest rate			2.00%	2.00%	2.00%		2.00%
Promissory note, maturity date							Jan. 31, 2026
Borrowings repayment due date							Jan. 31, 2026
Share price (in dollars per share)			$ 3	$ 3	$ 3
Proceeds from lines of credit			$ 10,000,000	$ 10,000,000	$ 10,000,000
Interest rate on short term loans			7.01%	6.62%	7.13%
Short term borrowing interest rate			5.01%	4.62%	5.13%
Short term borrowing effective interest rate			7.40%	7.10%	7.50%
Richard E. Uihlein [Member] \| Line of Credit [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Convertible Line of Credit - Related Party [Abstract]
Share price (in dollars per share)							$ 3
Richard E. Uihlein [Member] \| Line of Credit [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Convertible Line of Credit - Related Party [Abstract]
Share price (in dollars per share)							$ 10
Richard E. Uihlein [Member] \| Line of Credit [Member] \| December 2022 Promissory Note [Member]
Convertible Line of Credit - Related Party [Abstract]
Additional short term borrowing interest rate						2.00%
Share price (in dollars per share)											$ 3
Proceeds from lines of credit						$ 10,000,000
Interest rate on short term loans						6.46%
Short term borrowing interest rate						4.46%
Short term borrowing effective interest rate						7.10%
Accrued interest											$ 1,399,000	688,000
Richard E. Uihlein [Member] \| Line of Credit [Member] \| March 2023 Promissory Note [Member]
Convertible Line of Credit - Related Party [Abstract]
Additional short term borrowing interest rate									2.00%
Share price (in dollars per share)									$ 3
Proceeds from lines of credit									$ 10,000,000
Interest rate on short term loans									6.41%
Short term borrowing interest rate									4.41%
Short term borrowing effective interest rate									7.10%
Accrued interest											1,184,000	491,000
Richard E. Uihlein [Member] \| Line of Credit [Member] \| June 2023 Promissory Note [Member]
Convertible Line of Credit - Related Party [Abstract]
Additional short term borrowing interest rate								2.00%
Share price (in dollars per share)								$ 3
Proceeds from lines of credit								$ 10,000,000
Interest rate on short term loans								6.34%
Short term borrowing interest rate								4.34%
Short term borrowing effective interest rate								7.10%
Accrued interest											995,000	$ 321,000
Richard E. Uihlein [Member] \| Line of Credit [Member] \| December 2023 Promissory Note [Member]
Convertible Line of Credit - Related Party [Abstract]
Accrued interest											737,000
Richard E. Uihlein [Member] \| Line of Credit [Member] \| March 2024 Promissory Note [Member]
Convertible Line of Credit - Related Party [Abstract]
Accrued interest											508,000
Richard E. Uihlein [Member] \| Line of Credit [Member] \| June 2024 Promissory Note [Member]
Convertible Line of Credit - Related Party [Abstract]
Accrued interest											336,000
Richard E. Uihlein [Member] \| Line of Credit [Member] \| September 2024 Promissory Note [Member]
Convertible Line of Credit - Related Party [Abstract]
Accrued interest											$ 154,000
Richard E. Uihlein [Member] \| Supplemental Line of Credit [Member]
Convertible Line of Credit - Related Party [Abstract]
Line of credit				$ 10,000,000
Additional short term borrowing interest rate	2.00%			2.00%						2.00%
Promissory note, maturity date	Mar. 31, 2026										Jan. 31, 2026
Borrowings repayment due date	Mar. 31, 2026										Jan. 31, 2026
Share price (in dollars per share)											$ 3
Proceeds from lines of credit										$ 10,000,000
Exercise price of warrant (in dollars per share)										$ 4.13
Interest rate on short term loans										6.13%
Short term borrowing interest rate										5.01%
Short term borrowing effective interest rate										6.40%
Percentage of warrants equal to the closing price of common stock	150.00%										150.00%
Warrants expiry date	Jul. 31, 2029										Jul. 31, 2029
Warrants issuance value										$ 307,780
Richard E. Uihlein [Member] \| Supplemental Line of Credit [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Convertible Line of Credit - Related Party [Abstract]
Share price (in dollars per share)	$ 3										$ 3
Richard E. Uihlein [Member] \| Supplemental Line of Credit [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Convertible Line of Credit - Related Party [Abstract]
Share price (in dollars per share)	$ 10										10
Richard E. Uihlein [Member] \| Additional Supplemental Line of Credit [Member]
Convertible Line of Credit - Related Party [Abstract]
Line of credit		$ 6,000,000
Additional short term borrowing interest rate		2.00%
Promissory note, maturity date		Mar. 31, 2026
Borrowings repayment due date		Mar. 31, 2026
Share price (in dollars per share)		$ 3
Warrants to purchase common stock (in shares)		120,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)		$ 0.001
Percentage of warrants equal to the closing price of common stock		150.00%
Warrants expiry date		Jul. 31, 2029
Richard E. Uihlein [Member] \| Additional Supplemental Line of Credit [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Convertible Line of Credit - Related Party [Abstract]
Share price (in dollars per share)		$ 3
Richard E. Uihlein [Member] \| Additional Supplemental Line of Credit [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Convertible Line of Credit - Related Party [Abstract]
Share price (in dollars per share)		$ 10
Common Stock [Member] \| Richard E. Uihlein [Member]
Convertible Line of Credit - Related Party [Abstract]
Warrants to purchase common stock (in shares)	100,000						1,700,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001										$ 0.001
Common Stock [Member] \| Richard E. Uihlein [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Convertible Line of Credit - Related Party [Abstract]
Warrants to purchase common stock (in shares)			200,000	200,000	200,000	200,000	500,000	200,000	200,000	200,000
Warrants to purchase additional common stock (in shares)							1,200,000

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Security Deposit (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Security Deposit [Abstract]
Security deposit for leased office space	$ 6,000	$ 6,000

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 15,120	$ 25,660
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	2,132	2,050
Total current assets	17,252	27,710
Property and equipment, net	0	0
Other	243	490
Total assets	17,495	28,200
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	5,656	6,431
Accrued expenses	8,204	9,182
Current portion of convertible notes payable and accrued interest, net of debt discounts - related party (Note 5)	21,117	0
Current portion of derivative liabilities (Note 6)	369	0
Accrued dividends payable	63	63
Total current liabilities	35,409	15,676
Convertible notes payable and accrued interest, net of debt discounts - related party (Note 5)	10,733	30,902
Derivative liabilities (Note 6)	47	1,004
Borrowing and accrued interest under convertible line of credit, net of debt discount - related party (Note 10)	74,376	40,839
Other liabilities	0	20
Total liabilities	120,565	88,441
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)
Series C 6% super dividend redeemable convertible preferred stock; 1,000 shares authorized, 176 issued and outstanding at December 31, 2024 and 2023, redemption value: $8,018,000, liquidation value: $1,760,000 at December 31, 2024	1,723	1,723
Stockholders' equity (deficit):
Undesignated stock, $0.01 par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2024 and 2023, 20,000,000 shares designated at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively	0	0
Series A 12% convertible preferred stock; 1,742,500 shares authorized, 1,235,000 and 1,235,000 issued and outstanding at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, liquidation value $1,235,000 at December 31, 2024	500	500
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 150,000,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2024 and 2023, 63,157,235 and 61,852,914 issued and outstanding at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively	62	61
Additional paid-in capital	296,217	291,847
Retained deficit	(401,572)	(354,372)
Total stockholders' deficit	(104,793)	(61,964)
Total liabilities, redeemable convertible preferred stock and stockholders' deficit	$ 17,495	$ 28,200

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Operating expenses:
Research and development	$ 36,571	$ 32,130
General and administrative	5,862	5,942
Total operating expenses	42,433	38,072
Total operating loss	(42,433)	(38,072)
Other income (expense):
Interest income	338	230
Interest expense	(5,540)	(2,792)
Change in fair value of derivatives	588	(432)
Total other expense	(4,614)	(2,994)
Net loss	(47,047)	(41,066)
Preferred stock dividends	(153)	(120)
Warrant modification	0	(3,619)
Net loss applicable to common stockholders	$ (47,200)	$ (44,805)
Net loss per common share - basic (in dollars per share)	$ (0.76)	$ (0.74)
Net loss per common share - diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.76)	$ (0.74)
Weighted average common and potential common shares outstanding - basic (in shares)	62,309	60,159
Weighted average common and potential common shares outstanding - diluted (in shares)	62,309	60,159

Fair Value of Financial Instruments, Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value [Abstract]
Derivative Liability - Contingent Interest	$ 47,000	$ 1,004,000
April Note [Member]
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value [Abstract]
Derivative Liability - Contingent Interest	47,000	431,000	$ 249,000
September Note [Member]
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value [Abstract]
Derivative Liability - Contingent Interest	94,000	169,000	109,000
December Note [Member]
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value [Abstract]
Derivative Liability - Contingent Interest	275,000	404,000	$ 214,000
Recurring [Member] \| Level 1 [Member]
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value [Abstract]
Assets	0	0
Liabilities	0	0
Recurring [Member] \| Level 2 [Member]
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value [Abstract]
Assets	0	0
Liabilities	0	0
Recurring [Member] \| April Note [Member] \| Level 3 [Member]
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value [Abstract]
Derivative Liability - Contingent Interest	47,000	431,000
Recurring [Member] \| September Note [Member] \| Level 3 [Member]
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value [Abstract]
Derivative Liability - Contingent Interest	94,000	169,000
Recurring [Member] \| December Note [Member] \| Level 3 [Member]
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value [Abstract]
Derivative Liability - Contingent Interest	$ 275,000	$ 404,000

Segments (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Segments [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Expense Categories and Asset Categories

The table below summarizes the significant expense categories regularly reviewed by the CODM for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands).

	Year Ended December 31,
	2024			2023
	(in thousands)
Operating expenses:
Research and development	$	36,571		$	32,130
General and administrative		5,862			5,942
Total operating expenses		42,433			38,072
Total operating loss		(42,433	)		(38,072	)
Other income (expense):
Interest income		336			230
Interest expense		(5,540	)		(2,792	)
Change in fair value of derivatives		590			(432	)
Total other expense		(4,614)			(2,994	)
Net loss	$	(47,047	)	$	(41,066	)
Preferred stock dividends		(153	)		(120	)
Warrant modification		—			(3,619	)
Net loss applicable to common stockholders	$	(47,200	)	$	(44,805	)

The table below summarizes the significant asset categories regularly reviewed by the CODM for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands).

	December 31,
	2024		2023
	(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	15,120	$	25,660

Convertible Notes Payable - Related Party

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Convertible Notes Payable - Related Party [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Convertible Notes Payable - Related Party

5.	Convertible Notes Payable – Related Party

On April 16, 2021, the Company and Richard E. Uihlein entered into a debt financing arrangement whereby Mr. Uihlein loaned $10,000,000 to Company. In consideration for the loan, the Company issued a convertible promissory note (the “April 2021 Note”) in the principal amount of ten million dollars.

The April 2021 Note has a maturity date of April 16, 2025, is prepayable at the option of the Company in whole or in part at any time and is convertible into the Company’s common stock at a conversion price equal to $5.00 per share at the option of the noteholder. The April 2021 Note bears interest at the rate of two percent (2%) per annum, compounded annually with an effective interest rate of approximately 3%. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, approximately $212,000 and $207,000, respectively, of interest expense was accrued and included with the principal in the financial statements.

The April 2021 Note also includes a contingent interest component that requires the Company to pay additional interest at a rate of two and one-half percent (2.5%) per quarter (10% per annum) (the “Additional Interest”) beginning on the date of issuance of this Note and ending on the maturity date, provided however, that such payment is only required if and only if the noteholder elects to convert the entire balance of the April 2021 Note into the Company’s common stock on or prior to maturity. As the contingent event is not based on creditworthiness, such feature is not clearly and closely related to the host instrument and accordingly must be bifurcated and recognized as a derivative liability and a debt discount on the April 2021 Note at its inception. The fair value of the contingent interest derivative liability was $420,000 at note inception (April 16, 2021). The fair value of the contingent interest derivative liability was $47,000 and $431,000 and December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and is recognized as a derivative liability in the consolidated balance sheet. The change in the fair value of the derivative liability for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 of ($384,000) and $182,000, respectively, was charged to other expense/(income) for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. The amortization of the original $420,000 debt discount of $105,000 and $105,000 was recorded as additional interest expense for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

On May 14, 2024, Mr. Uihlein, as holder of the April 2021 Note irrevocably elected to convert the entire principal amount of such note, plus accrued and unpaid interest, into shares of common stock of the Company at a price of $5.00 per share, effective as of April 16, 2025, which is the maturity date of the April 2021 Note. The April 2021 Note will remain outstanding and accrue interest until maturity and no shares of common stock will be issued as a result of this election until April 16, 2025. As a result, the principal, plus accrued interest and related derivative liability are included in noncurrent liabilities at December 31, 2024.

On September 17, 2021, the Company and Mr. Uihlein entered into a loan agreement in the aggregate of $20,000,000 (the “Loan Agreement”) to be funded in two closings and evidenced by two separate unsecured convertible promissory notes. The first of the two promissory notes was also executed and delivered on September 17, 2021, (the “September 2021 Note”) to evidence the first loan in the principal amount of $10,000,000. The second closing under the Loan Agreement for the remaining $10,000,000 occurred on December 20, 2021.

The September 2021 Note has a maturity date of September 17, 2025, is prepayable at the option of the Company in whole or in part at any time and is convertible into the Company’s common stock at a conversion price equal to $8.64 per share at the option of the noteholder. The September 2021 Note bears interest at the rate of two percent (2%) per annum, compounded annually with an effective interest rate of approximately 3%. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, approximately $210,000 and $206,000, respectively, of interest expense was accrued and included with the principal in the financial statements.

The September 2021 Note also includes a contingent interest component that requires the Company to pay additional interest at a rate of two and one-half percent (2.5%) per quarter (10% per annum) (the “Additional Interest”) beginning on the date of issuance of this Note and ending on the maturity date, provided however, that such payment is only required if and only if the noteholder elects to convert the entire balance of the September 2021 Note into the Company’s common stock on or prior to maturity. As the contingent event is not based on creditworthiness, such feature is not clearly and closely related to the host instrument and accordingly must be bifurcated and recognized as a derivative liability and a debt discount on the September Note at its inception. The fair value of the contingent interest derivative liability was $433,000 at note inception (September 17, 2021). The fair value of the contingent interest derivative liability was $94,000 and $169,000 and December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and is recognized as a derivative liability in the consolidated balance sheet. The change in the fair value of the derivative liability for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 of ($75,000) and $60,000, respectively, was recorded to other expense/(income) for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. The amortization of the original $433,000 debt discount of $108,000 and $108,000 was recorded as additional interest expense for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

On December 20, 2021, the second of the two promissory notes under the Loan Agreement was executed and delivered, (the “December 2021 Note”) to evidence the second loan in the principal amount of $10,000,000. The December 2021 Note has a maturity date of December 20, 2025, is prepayable at the option of the Company in whole or in part at any time and is convertible into the Company’s common stock at a conversion price equal to $5.43 per share at the option of the noteholder. The December Note bears interest at the rate of two percent (2%) per annum, compounded annually with an effective interest rate of approximately 3%. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, approximately $209,000 and $204,000, respectively, of interest expense was accrued and included with the principal in the financial statements.

The December 2021 Note also includes a contingent interest component that requires the Company to pay additional interest at a rate of two and one-half percent (2.5%) per quarter (10% per annum) (the “Additional Interest”) beginning on the date of issuance of this Note and ending on the maturity date, provided however, that such payment is only required if and only if the noteholder elects to convert the entire balance of the December 2021 Note into the Company’s common stock on or prior to maturity. As the contingent event is not based on creditworthiness, such feature is not clearly and closely related to the host instrument and accordingly must be bifurcated and recognized as a derivative liability and a debt discount on the December Note at its inception. The fair value of the contingent interest derivative liability was $415,000 at note inception (December 20, 2021). The fair value of the contingent interest derivative liability was $275,000 and $404,000 at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and is recognized as a derivative liability in the consolidated balance sheet. The change in the fair value of the derivative liability for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 of ($129,000) and $190,000, respectively was recorded to other expense/(income) for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. The amortization of the original $415,000 debt discount of $104,000 and $104,000 was recorded as additional interest expense for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The Company’s contractual cash obligations related to the outstanding convertible notes payable is a repayment of the repayment of the September 2021 Note of the $10,000,000 plus accrued interest on September 17, 2025 and a repayment of the December 2021 Note of the $10,000,000 plus accrued interest on December 30, 2025, unless converted at the option of the noteholder.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for information about short-term and long-term debt arrangements, which includes amounts of borrowings under each line of credit, note payable, commercial paper issue, bonds indenture, debenture issue, own-share lending arrangements and any other contractual agreement to repay funds, and about the underlying arrangements, rationale for a classification as long-term, including repayment terms, interest rates, collateral provided, restrictions on use of assets and activities, whether or not in compliance with debt covenants, and other matters important to users of the financial statements, such as the effects of refinancing and noncompliance with debt covenants.

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- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (e)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B

Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (f)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B

Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (h)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B

Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Paragraph 1D
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1D

Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 23: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Topic 835
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482900/835-30-50-1

+ Details

Accrued Expenses

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Accrued Expenses [Abstract]

Accrued Expenses

4.	Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consist of the following at December 31:

	2024		2023
	(in thousands)
Legal and accounting fees	$	74	$	40
Accrued compensation		1,523		1,129
Lease liability		19		46
Accrued research and development costs and other		6,588		7,967
Total	$	8,204	$	9,182

Loss Per Share (Details) - shares	12 Months Ended
Loss Per Share (Details) - shares	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Amount excluded from calculation (in shares)	49,077,798	36,341,777
Warrants [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Amount excluded from calculation (in shares)	9,595,940	9,256,493
Stock Options [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Amount excluded from calculation (in shares)	6,854,758	6,333,841
Convertible Notes Payable - Related Party [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Amount excluded from calculation (in shares)	7,024,053	6,418,913
Line of Credit [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Amount excluded from calculation (in shares)	25,103,873	13,833,356
Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Amount excluded from calculation (in shares)	499,174	499,174

Commitments and Contingencies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Commitments and Contingencies [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

12.	Commitments and Contingencies

Lease Commitments

The Company has one operating lease for its office space which was amended effective March 1, 2022 for a term of 38 months with no residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. The amended lease provided for free rent for the first six and one-half months of the lease and continues the security deposit of $6,000. In addition to base rental payments included in the contractual obligations table below, the Company is responsible for our pro-rata share of the operating expenses for the building. Our lease cost for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $44,000 and $44,000, respectively, and is included in general and administrative expenses. As of December 31, 2024, the right to use lease asset consisted of $16,000 and is included in other assets. Also, at December 31, 2024, current lease liability of $19,000 is included in accrued expenses. As of December 31, 2023, the right to use lease asset consisted of $46,000 and is included in other assets. Also, at December 31, 2023, current lease liability of $46,000 is included in accrued expenses and the noncurrent lease liability of $20,000 is included in other long term liabilities. The Company renewed its existing office space lease effective in March 2025 for twelve months at substantially the same terms.

Maturity of operating lease as of December 31, 2024 in thousands:

2025		19
Total		19
Less imputed interest		-
Present value of lease liability	$	19

The discount rate used in calculating the present value of the lease payments was 11%.

Legal Proceedings

The Company records accruals for such contingencies to the extent that the Company concludes that their occurrence is probable and the related damages are estimable. There are no pending legal proceedings.

Clinical Trial and Research Contingencies

The Company has entered into agreements with contractors for research and development activities to further its product candidates. The contracts generally may be canceled at any time by providing thirty days’ notice. The Company is involved in a dispute with a contract vendor for clinical trial management services provided outside of the United States. The contract in question is a variable contract. The Company has accrued its estimate of the amount owed to the contract vendor. The contract vendor asserts that it is owed approximately $1 million more than the Company’s estimate. The Company disagrees with the contract vendor’s assertion, and did not accrue that additional amount at December 31, 2024.

Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Income Taxes [Abstract]

Income Taxes

14.	Income Taxes

The components of the net deferred tax assets are as follows at December 31:

	2024			2023
	(in thousands)
Operating loss carryforwards	$	63,057		$	61,427
Tax credit carryforwards		9,010			6,476
Other temporary differences		18,276			10,533
		90,343			78,436
Less valuation allowance		(90,343	)		(78,436	)
Net deferred tax asset	$	—		$	—

The primary factors affecting the Company’s income tax rates were as follows:

	2024			2023
Tax benefit at U.S. statutory rates		(21	%)		(21	%)
State tax benefit		(2.5	%)		(3.4	%)
Permanent differences		0.1	%		0.9	%
Other		(4.0	%)		2.3	%
Changes in valuation allowance		27.4	%		21.2	%
		0	%		0	%

As of December 31, 2024, the Company has federal and state net operating loss carryforwards totaling $131,579,000 and $137,878,000, respectively, which will never expire as a result of the 2017 Tax Act. As of December 31, 2023, the Company has federal and state net operating loss carryforwards totaling $120,055,000 and $102,003,000 respectively, which expire through 2037. In addition, the Company has federal and state research and development credits of $7,764,000 and $1,245,000, respectively, which expire through 2042. Ownership changes, as defined by Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code, may have limited the amount of net operating loss carryforwards that can be utilized annually to offset future taxable income. Past and subsequent ownership changes could further affect the limitation in future years. Because of the Company’s limited operating history and its recorded losses, management has provided, in each of the last two years, a 100% valuation allowance against the Company’s net deferred tax assets.

The Company is subject to taxation in the U.S. and various states. Based on the history of net operating losses all jurisdictions and tax years are open for examination until the operating losses are utilized or the statute of limitations expires. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company does not have any significant uncertain tax positions.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for income tax.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 55
-Paragraph 231
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482663/740-10-55-231

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12C
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12C

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12B
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12B

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 270
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477891/740-270-50-1

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.5.Q1)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-1

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-13

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(2))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/740/tableOfContent

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 14
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-14

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 21
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-21

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 17
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-17

Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.C)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-2

Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 30
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482603/740-30-50-2

+ Details

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

2.	Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”).

Basis of Consolidation. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and Galectin Therapeutics Security Corp., its wholly-owned subsidiary, which was incorporated in Delaware on December 23, 2003 and Galectin Sciences LLC (see Note 13). All intercompany transactions have been eliminated.

Use of Estimates. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and judgments that may affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, equity, revenue, expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Management’s estimates and judgments include assumptions used in stock option valuations, accrued liabilities, derivative valuations, deferred income taxes and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from those estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Fair Value Measurements. The Company has certain financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value. Fair values determined by Level 1 inputs utilize observable data such as quoted prices in active markets. Fair values determined by Level 2 inputs utilize data points other than quoted prices in active markets that are observable either directly or indirectly. Fair values determined by Level 3 inputs utilize unobservable data points in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions. The estimated value of accounts payable and accrued expenses approximates their carrying value due to their short-term nature. See Footnote 6 for Fair Value of Derivatives related to Convertible Notes Payable at December 31, 2024 and 2023, which are level 3 liabilities.

Cash and Cash Equivalents. The Company considers all highly-liquid investments with original maturities of 90 days or less at the time of acquisition to be cash equivalents. The Company had no cash equivalents at December 31, 2024 or 2023.

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets. Prepaid expenses and other assets consist principally of prepaid insurance, deposits related to the NAVIGATE trial and deferred financing costs (see Note 10).

Property and Equipment. Property and equipment, including leasehold improvements, are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization, and are depreciated or amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets of generally three years for computers and office equipment, five years for furniture and fixtures and the shorter of the useful life or life of the lease for leasehold improvements.

Security Deposit. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had a security deposit of $6,000 for leased office space included in Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets.

Long-Lived Assets. The Company reviews all long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held or used is measured by comparison of the carrying value of the asset to the future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such asset is considered to be impaired, the impairment recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds the discounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. There were no impairments of long-lived assets at December 31, 2024 or 2023.

Accrued Expenses. As part of the process of preparing our consolidated financial statements, we are required to estimate accrued expenses. This process involves identifying services that third parties have performed on our behalf and estimating the level of service performed and the associated cost incurred on these services as of each balance sheet date in our consolidated financial statements. Examples of estimated accrued expenses include professional service fees, such as those arising from the services of attorneys and accountants and accrued payroll expenses. In connection with these service fees, our estimates are most affected by our understanding of the status and timing of services provided relative to the actual services incurred by the service providers. In the event that we do not identify certain costs that have been incurred or we under- or over-estimate the level of services or costs of such services, our reported expenses for a reporting period could be understated or overstated. The date on which certain services commence, the level of services performed on or before a given date, and the cost of services are often subject to our judgment. We make these judgments based upon the facts and circumstances known to us in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S.

Warrants. The Company has issued common stock warrants in connection with the execution of certain equity and debt financings. The fair value of warrants is determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model using assumptions regarding volatility of our common share price, remaining life of the warrant, and risk-free interest rates at each period end. There were no warrant liabilities as of December 31, 2024 or 2023.

Research and Development Expenses. Research and development expenses, including personnel costs, allocated facility costs, lab supplies, outside services, contract laboratory costs related to manufacturing drug product, clinical trials and preclinical studies are charged to research and development expense as incurred. The Company accounts for nonrefundable advance payments for goods and services that will be used in future research and development activities as expense when the service has been performed or when the goods have been received. Our current NAVIGATE clinical trial is being supported by third-party contract research organizations, or CROs, and other vendors. We accrue expenses for clinical trial activities performed by CROs based upon the estimated amount of work completed on each trial. For clinical trial expenses and related expenses associated with the conduct of clinical trials, the significant factors used in estimating accruals include the number of patients enrolled, the number of active clinical sites, and the duration for which the patients have been enrolled in the trial. We monitor patient enrollment levels and related activities to the extent possible through internal reviews, review of contractual terms and correspondence with CROs. We base our estimates on the best information available at the time. We monitor patient enrollment levels and related activities to the extent possible through discussions with CRO personnel and based our estimates of clinical trial costs on the best information available at the time. However, additional information may become available to us which will allow us to make a more accurate estimate in future periods. In that event, we may be required to record adjustments to research and development expenses in future periods when the actual level of activity becomes more certain.

Income Taxes. The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with the accounting rules that requires an asset and liability approach to accounting for income taxes based upon the future expected values of the related assets and liabilities. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and for tax loss and credit carry forwards and are measured using the expected tax rates estimated to be in effect when such basis differences reverse. Valuation allowances are established, if necessary, to reduce the deferred tax asset to the amount that will, more likely than not, be realized.

Concentration of Credit Risk. Financial instruments that subject the Company to credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents. The Company maintains cash and cash equivalents and certificates of deposit with well-capitalized financial institutions. At times, those amounts may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to significant credit risk beyond the normal credit risk associated with commercial banking relationships. The Company has no other significant concentrations of credit risk.

Stock-Based Compensation. Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense over the service period, which generally represents the vesting period. For awards that have performance-based vesting conditions the Company recognizes the expense over the estimated period that the awards are expected to be earned. The Company generally uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to calculate the grant date fair value of stock options. The expense recognized over the service period is required to include an estimate of the awards that will be forfeited.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. This guidance is intended to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements through enhanced disclosures as well as clarify that entities with a single reportable segment are subject to new and existing segment reporting requirements. This guidance is effective for annual periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. Entities must apply this guidance on a retrospective basis. Accordingly, the Company adopted this new standard for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024. See footnote 15 for segment disclosures.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements - Yet to be Adopted

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 address investor requests for enhanced income tax information primarily through changes to disclosure regarding rate reconciliation and income taxes paid both in the United States and in foreign jurisdictions. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 on a prospective basis, with the option to apply the standard retrospectively, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating this guidance to determine the impact it may have on its consolidated financial statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. The amendments in ASU 2024-03 address investor requests for more detailed expense information and require additional disaggregated disclosures in the notes to financial statements for certain categories of expenses that are included on the face of the income statement. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating this guidance to determine the impact it may have on its consolidated financial statements.

In November 2024, the FASB, issued ASUS 2024-04, Debt- Debt with Conversions and Other Option. ASU 2024-04 is intended to clarify requirements for determining whether certain settlements of convertible debt instruments, including convertible debt instruments with cash conversion features or convertible debt instruments that are not currently convertible, should be accounted for as an induced conversion. This ASU is effective for all entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2025, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of this guidance on its disclosures.

Stock-Based Compensation, Deferred Stock Units (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Restricted Stock Grants [Abstract]
Unrecognized compensation cost	$ 775,000
Chief Executive Officer [Member]
Restricted Stock Grants [Abstract]
Stock based compensation expense		$ 459,000	$ 418,000
Unrecognized compensation cost	$ 0
Chief Executive Officer [Member] \| Deferred Bonus [Member]
Restricted Stock Grants [Abstract]
Percentage of base salary paid in cash		20.00%	20.00%
Percentage of base salary paid in deferred stock units		80.00%	80.00%
Percentage of DSUs shall be credited on March 1, 2023			25.00%
Percentage of DSUs shall be credited on March 1, 2024			50.00%
Percentage of DSUs shall be credited on September 1, 2028			25.00%
Percentage of DSUs shall be credited on March 1, 2024	50.00%
Percentage of DSUs shall be credited on March 1, 2023		25.00%
Shares unissued (in shares)	367,800	183,900
Shares withheld to cover income tax withholding (in shares)	153,288	75,529
Income tax payment withholding	$ 300,445	$ 156,345
Shares issued (in shares)	214,512	108,371
Percentage of DSUs shall be credited on March 1, 2025		50.00%
Percentage of DSUs shall be credited on January 5, 2026		50.00%
Common stock reserved for future issuance (in shares)		275,126	268,596
Common Stock Weighted average Grant Date fair Value (in dollars per share)		$ 1.71	$ 1.56
Chief Executive Officer [Member] \| Bonus Shares [Member]
Restricted Stock Grants [Abstract]
Stock based compensation expense			$ 210,000	$ 200,000
Common stock reserved for future issuance (in shares)			143,836	103,627
Common Stock Weighted average Grant Date fair Value (in dollars per share)			$ 1.46	$ 1.93
Reclassification of accrued compensation to additional paid in capital		$ 210,000	$ 200,000

Nature of Business, Basis of Presentation, Liquidity, and Going Concern

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Nature of Business, Basis of Presentation, Liquidity, and Going Concern [Abstract]

Nature of Business, Basis of Presentation, Liquidity, and Going Concern

1.	Nature of Business, Basis of Presentation, Liquidity, and Going Concern

Galectin Therapeutics Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) is a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company that is applying its leadership in galectin science and drug development to create new therapies for fibrotic disease and cancer. These candidates are based on the Company’s targeting of galectin proteins which are key mediators of biologic and pathologic function. These compounds also may have application for drugs to treat other diseases and chronic health conditions.

The Company was founded in July 2000, was incorporated in the State of Nevada in January 2001 under the name “Pro-Pharmaceuticals, Inc.,” and changed its name to “Galectin Therapeutics Inc.” on May 26, 2011.

The Company has operated at a loss since its inception and has had no revenues. The Company anticipates that losses will continue for the foreseeable future. At December 31, 2024, the company had $15,120,000 of unrestricted cash and cash equivalents available to fund future operations. As of December 31, 2024, the Company has available borrowings under a line of credit in the amount of $6 million provided by our chairman, Richard Uihlein, (See Notes 10). Additionally, in March 2025, we signed a new supplemental line of credit agreement with our chairman for an additional $5 million of available borrowings (See Note 16). The Company believes there is sufficient cash, including availability of the two lines of credit, to fund currently planned operations through August 2025. To meet its future capital needs, the Company intends to raise additional capital through debt or equity financings, collaborations, partnerships or other strategic transactions. However, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to complete any such transactions on acceptable terms or otherwise. The inability of the Company to obtain sufficient funds on acceptable terms when needed could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition.

The Company is subject to a number of risks similar to those of clinical stage companies, including dependence on key individuals, uncertainty of product development and generation of revenues, dependence on outside sources of capital, risks associated with clinical trials of products, dependence on third-party collaborators for research operations, need for regulatory approval of products, risks associated with protection of intellectual property, and competition with larger, better-capitalized companies. Successful completion of the Company’s development program and, ultimately, the attainment of profitable operations is dependent upon future events, including obtaining adequate financing to fulfill its development activities and achieving a level of revenues adequate to support the Company’s cost structure. There are no assurances that the Company will be able to obtain additional financing on favorable terms, or at all, or successfully market its products.

Segments - Significant Expense Categories (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($) Segment	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Operating expenses [Abstract]
Research and development	$ 36,571	$ 32,130
General and administrative	5,862	5,942
Total operating expenses	42,433	38,072
Total operating loss	(42,433)	(38,072)
Other income (expense) [Abstract]
Interest income	338	230
Interest expense	(5,540)	(2,792)
Change in fair value of derivatives	588	(432)
Total other expense	(4,614)	(2,994)
Net loss	(47,047)	(41,066)
Preferred stock dividends	(153)	(120)
Warrant modification	0	(3,619)
Net loss applicable to common stockholders	$ (47,200)	(44,805)
Number of operating segment \| Segment	1
Net cash used in operating activities	$ (41,767)	(32,965)
Business Operating Segment [Member]
Operating expenses [Abstract]
Research and development	36,571	32,130
General and administrative	5,862	5,942
Total operating expenses	42,433	38,072
Total operating loss	(42,433)	(38,072)
Other income (expense) [Abstract]
Interest income	336	230
Interest expense	(5,540)	(2,792)
Change in fair value of derivatives	590	(432)
Total other expense	(4,614)	(2,994)
Net loss	(47,047)	(41,066)
Preferred stock dividends	(153)	(120)
Warrant modification	0	(3,619)
Net loss applicable to common stockholders	$ (47,200)	$ (44,805)

Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Commitments and Contingencies [Abstract]

Maturity of Operating Lease

Maturity of operating lease as of December 31, 2024 in thousands:

2025		19
Total		19
Less imputed interest		-
Present value of lease liability	$	19

Loss Per Share (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Loss Per Share [Abstract]

Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share

The following potentially dilutive securities have been excluded from the computations of diluted weighted average shares outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 as the inclusion thereof would have been anti-dilutive:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2024 (Shares)		2023 (Shares)
Warrants to purchase shares of common stock		9,595,940		9,256,493
Options to purchase shares of common stock		6,854,758		6,333,841
Shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of convertible notes payable – related party		7,024,053		6,418,913
Shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of convertible line of credit – related party		25,103,873		13,833,356
Shares of common stock issuable upon conversion preferred stock		499,174		499,174
		49,077,798		36,341,777

Loss Per Share

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Loss Per Share [Abstract]

Loss Per Share

11.	Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per common share is computed by dividing the net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, as the Company was in a net loss position, the diluted loss per share computations for such periods did not assume the exercise of warrants and stock options or the conversion of Convertible Notes, or the conversion of convertible preferred stock as they would have had an anti-dilutive effect on loss per share.

	Year Ended December 31,
	2024 (Shares)		2023 (Shares)
Warrants to purchase shares of common stock		9,595,940		9,256,493
Options to purchase shares of common stock		6,854,758		6,333,841
Shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of convertible notes payable – related party		7,024,053		6,418,913
Shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of convertible line of credit – related party		25,103,873		13,833,356
Shares of common stock issuable upon conversion preferred stock		499,174		499,174
		49,077,798		36,341,777

Stock-Based Compensation, Outstanding and Exercisable Options under Stock Based Compensation Plans (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024 $ / shares shares
Options Outstanding [Abstract]
Options Outstanding, Number of Shares (in shares) \| shares	6,854,758
Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life	6 years 3 months 7 days
Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 2.39
Options Exercisable [Abstract]
Options Exercisable, Number of Shares (in shares) \| shares	6,138,254
Options Exercisable, Number of Shares (in dollars per share)	$ 2.45
$0.87-$1.00 [Member]
Options Outstanding [Abstract]
Options Outstanding, Number of Shares (in shares) \| shares	1,134,206
Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life	7 years 1 month 17 days
Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 1.16
Options Exercisable [Abstract]
Options Exercisable, Number of Shares (in shares) \| shares	934,202
Options Exercisable, Number of Shares (in dollars per share)	$ 1.12
$1.01-$3.00 [Member]
Options Outstanding [Abstract]
Options Outstanding, Number of Shares (in shares) \| shares	3,691,315
Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life	6 years 10 months 17 days
Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 2.02
Options Exercisable [Abstract]
Options Exercisable, Number of Shares (in shares) \| shares	3,199,815
Options Exercisable, Number of Shares (in dollars per share)	$ 2.02
$3.01-$5.00 [Member]
Options Outstanding [Abstract]
Options Outstanding, Number of Shares (in shares) \| shares	1,809,237
Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life	4 years 10 months 17 days
Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 3.48
Options Exercisable [Abstract]
Options Exercisable, Number of Shares (in shares) \| shares	1,784,237
Options Exercisable, Number of Shares (in dollars per share)	$ 3.48
$5.01 - $8.00 [Member]
Options Outstanding [Abstract]
Options Outstanding, Number of Shares (in shares) \| shares	220,000
Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life	3 years 1 month 6 days
Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 5.92
Options Exercisable [Abstract]
Options Exercisable, Number of Shares (in shares) \| shares	220,000
Options Exercisable, Number of Shares (in dollars per share)	$ 5.92
Minimum [Member] \| $0.87-$1.00 [Member]
Options Outstanding [Abstract]
Minimum Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	0.89
Minimum [Member] \| $1.01-$3.00 [Member]
Options Outstanding [Abstract]
Minimum Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	1.51
Minimum [Member] \| $3.01-$5.00 [Member]
Options Outstanding [Abstract]
Minimum Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	2.51
Minimum [Member] \| $5.01 - $8.00 [Member]
Options Outstanding [Abstract]
Minimum Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	5.01
Maximum [Member] \| $0.87-$1.00 [Member]
Options Outstanding [Abstract]
Maximum Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	1.5
Maximum [Member] \| $1.01-$3.00 [Member]
Options Outstanding [Abstract]
Maximum Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	2.5
Maximum [Member] \| $3.01-$5.00 [Member]
Options Outstanding [Abstract]
Maximum Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	5
Maximum [Member] \| $5.01 - $8.00 [Member]
Options Outstanding [Abstract]
Maximum Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 6.71

Stock-Based Compensation, Weighted Average Assumptions Used to Determine Fair Value of Options Granted (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Weighted Average Assumptions for Stock Options Granted [Abstract]
Risk-free interest rate	3.89%	3.84%
Expected life of the options	5 years 4 months 24 days	5 years 8 months 12 days
Expected volatility of the underlying stock	75.10%	85.60%
Expected dividend rate	0.00%	0.00%
Expected dividend yield used in the option valuation model	0.00%	0.00%
Minimum [Member]
Weighted Average Assumptions for Stock Options Granted [Abstract]
Expected life of the options	5 years
Award term	5 years
Maximum [Member]
Weighted Average Assumptions for Stock Options Granted [Abstract]
Expected life of the options	6 years
Award term	10 years

Subsequent Event

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Subsequent Event [Abstract]

Subsequent Event

16.	Subsequent Event

On March 31, 2025, the Company and Richard E. Uihlein (the “Lender”) entered into a Supplemental Line of Credit Letter Agreement (the “March 2025 Supplemental Credit Agreement”), pursuant to which the Lender shall provide the Company a line of credit of up to $5.0 million (the “Supplemental Line of Credit”) to finance the Company’s working capital needs. The Company may draw upon the Supplemental Line of Credit through September 30, 2025. In connection with entering into the March 2025 Supplemental Line of Credit, the Company agreed to extend the maturity date of the Convertible Promissory Note dated April 16, 2021 from April 16, 2025 to September 30, 2025.

Each advance made pursuant to the March 2025 Supplemental Credit Agreement shall be evidenced by an unsecured, convertible promissory note (individually, a “Promissory Note,” and collectively, the “Promissory Notes”), and bear interest at the Applicable Federal Rate for short term loans, plus two (2%) percent. Principal and interest on the Promissory Notes are due on or before March 31, 2026. Only with the consent of the Lender, may the Promissory Notes be prepaid, in whole or in part, at any time without premium or penalty, but with interest on the amount or amounts prepaid.

At the election of Lender, the principal and accrued interest on Promissory Note(s) may be converted into the number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock equal to the amount of principal and accrued interest on such Promissory Note divided by the price equal to the closing price of the Common Stock on the date of such Promissory Note, but in no event less than $3.00 per share.

In connection with the March 2025 Supplemental Credit Agreement, the Company agreed to issue the Lender warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 100,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (collectively, the “Warrants”). The Company shall issue to the Lender Warrants ratably, upon borrowings under the March 2025 Supplemental Line of Credit, with exercise prices equal to 150% of the closing price of the Company’s common Stock on the date of the Promissory Note evidencing such draw, but in no event more than $10.00 per share nor less than $3.00 per share. The Warrants expire on July 31, 2029.

Stockholders' Equity, Issuance of Common Stock (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	150,000,000	150,000,000
Undesignated stock, shares authorized (in shares)	20,000,000	20,000,000
Convertible preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	1,742,500	1,742,500
Issuance of common stock (in shares)	63,157,235	61,852,914
2020 Market Agreement [Member]
Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Aggregate offering price		$ 40.0
Percentage of commission rate to be paid to sales agent		3.00%
Issuance of common stock (in shares)	0	0
Common Stock [Member]
Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Convertible preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	12,748,500
Series A 12% Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]
Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Convertible preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	1,742,500
Series B-1 Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]
Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Convertible preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	900,000
Series B-2 Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]
Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Convertible preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	2,100,000
Series B-3 Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]
Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Convertible preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	2,508,000
Series C 6% Super Dividend Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]
Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Convertible preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	1,000

Property and Equipment

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Property and Equipment [Abstract]

Property and Equipment

3.	Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consist of the following at December 31:

	2024			2023
	(in thousands)
Leasehold improvements	$	2		$	2
Computer and office equipment		13			13
Furniture and fixtures		59			59
Total		74			74
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization		(74	)		(74	)
Property and equipment — net	$	—		$	—

Depreciation and amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $0 and $0, respectively.

Convertible Line of Credit - Related Party and Supplemental Lines of Credit - Related Party

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Line of Credit [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Convertible Line of Credit - Related Party and Supplemental Lines of Credit - Related Party

10.	Convertible Line of Credit – Related Party and Supplemental Lines of Credit – Related Party

On July 25, 2022, the Company and Richard E. Uihlein (the “Lender”) entered into a Line of Credit Letter Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”), pursuant to which the Lender shall provide the Company a line of credit of up to $60.0 million (the “Line of Credit”) to finance the Company’s working capital needs. The Company may draw upon the Line of Credit through July 31, 2024.

Each advance made pursuant to the Credit Agreement shall be evidenced by an unsecured, convertible promissory note (individually, a “Promissory Note,” and collectively, the “Promissory Notes”), and bear interest at the Applicable Federal Rate for short term loans, plus two (2%) percent. Principal and interest on the Promissory Notes are due on or before January 31, 2026. Only with the consent of the Lender, may the Promissory Notes be prepaid, in whole or in part, at any time without premium or penalty, but with interest on the amount or amounts prepaid.

At the election of Lender, the principal and accrued interest on Promissory Note(s) may be converted into the number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock equal to the amount of principal and accrued interest on such Promissory Note divided by the price equal to the closing price of the Common Stock on the date of such Promissory Note, but in no event less than $3.00 per share.

In connection with the Credit Agreement, the Company agreed to issue the Lender warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 1,700,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (collectively, the “Warrants”). Upon execution of the Credit Agreement, the Company issued the Lender a Warrant to purchase up to 500,000 shares of Company’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $5.00 per share, which Warrant is exercisable upon issuance. Further, pursuant to the Credit Agreement, the Company shall issue to the Lender additional Warrants to purchase up to the remaining 1,200,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, ratably, upon borrowings under the Credit Agreement, with exercise prices equal to 150% of the closing price of the Company’s common Stock on the date of the Promissory Note evidencing such draw, but in no event more than $10.00 per share nor less than $3.00 per share. The Warrants expire on July 31, 2029.

The fair value of the 500,000 warrants vested at closing on July 25, 2022 was $738,000 at the date of issuance based on the following assumptions: an expected life of 7 years, volatility of 92%, risk free interest rate of 3.19% and zero dividends. The fair value of the vested warrants was recorded in other assets (non-current) as a deferred financing cost and will be amortized on a straight-line basis from July 25, 2022 through January 31, 2026. Amortization for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 of $210,000 and $209,000, respectively, was recorded as interest expense.

On December 19, 2022, the Company executed a $10 million Promissory Note under the Line of Credit. The interest rate on this draw is 6.46% (Applicable Federal Rate for short term loans on date of draw of 4.46% plus 2%). The effective interest rate is approximately 7.1%. Accrued interest on this draw was approximately $1,399,000 and $688,000 at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The principal and accrued interest is convertible at the option of the Lender at $3.00 per share. In accordance with the Credit Agreement, the Company issued the Lender a Warrant to purchase up to 200,000 shares of Company’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $3.00 per share, which Warrant is exercisable upon issuance.

The fair value of the 200,000 warrants vested at closing on December 19, 2022 was $160,780 at the date of issuance based on the following assumptions: an expected life of 7 years, volatility of 91%, risk free interest rate of 4.06% and zero dividends. The proceeds were allocated between the Promissory Note and the warrants issued, and the amount allocated to the warrants was recorded as a debt discount netted against principal to be amortized on a straight-line basis, which is not materially different than the effective interest method, from December 19, 2022 through January 31, 2026. Amortization for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 of $52,000 and $51,000, respectively, was recorded as interest expense.

On March 31, 2023, the Company executed an additional $10 million Promissory Note under the Line of Credit. The interest rate on this draw is 6.41% (Applicable Federal Rate for short term loans on date of draw of 4.41% plus 2%). The effective interest rate is approximately 7.1%. Accrued interest on this draw was approximately $1,184,000 and $491,000 at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The principal and accrued interest is convertible at the option of the Lender at $3.00 per share. In accordance with the Credit Agreement, the Company issued the Lender a Warrant to purchase up to 200,000 shares of Company’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $3.26 per share, which Warrant is exercisable upon issuance.

The fair value of the 200,000 warrants vested at closing on March 31, 2023 was $296,680 at the date of issuance based on the following assumptions: an expected life of 6.33 years, volatility of 88%, risk free interest rate of 3.94% and zero dividends. The proceeds were allocated between the Promissory Note and the warrants issued, and the amount allocated to the warrants was recorded as a debt discount netted against principal amortized on a straight-line basis, which is not materially different than the effective interest method, from March 31, 2023 through January 31, 2026. Amortization for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 of $105,000 and $79,000, respectively, was recorded as interest expense.

On June 30, 2023, the Company executed an additional $10 million Promissory Note under the Line of Credit. The interest rate on this draw is 6.34% (Applicable Federal Rate for short term loans on date of draw of 4.34% plus 2%). The effective interest rate is approximately 7.1%. Accrued interest on this draw was approximately $995,000 and $321,000 at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The principal and accrued interest is convertible at the option of the Lender at $3.00 per share. In accordance with the Credit Agreement, the Company issued the Lender a Warrant to purchase up to 200,000 shares of Company’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $3.00 per share, which Warrant is exercisable upon issuance.

The fair value of the 200,000 warrants vested at closing on June 30, 2023 was $179,920 at the date of issuance based on the following assumptions: an expected life of 6.08 years, volatility of 85%, risk free interest rate of 3.59% and zero dividends. The proceeds were allocated between the Promissory Note and the warrants issued, and the amount allocated to the warrants was recorded as a debt discount netted against principal amortized on a straight-line basis, which is not materially different than the effective interest method, from June 30, 2023 through January 31, 2026. Amortization for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 of $69,000 and $35,000, respectively, was recorded as interest expense.

On December 29, 2023, the Company executed an additional $10 million Promissory Note under the Line of Credit. The interest rate on this draw is 7.13% (Applicable Federal Rate for short term loans on date of draw of 5.13% plus 2%). The effective interest rate is approximately 7.5%. Accrued interest on this draw was approximately $737,000 at December 31, 2024. The principal and accrued interest is convertible at the option of the Lender at $3.00 per share. In accordance with the Credit Agreement, the Company issued the Lender a Warrant to purchase up to 200,000 shares of Company’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $3.00 per share, which Warrant is exercisable upon issuance.

The fair value of the 200,000 warrants vested at closing on December 31, 2023 was $193,745 at the date of issuance based on the following assumptions: an expected life of 5.7 years, volatility of 79%, risk free interest rate of 4.49% and zero dividends. The proceeds were allocated between the Promissory Note and the warrants issued, and the amount allocated to the warrants was recorded as a debt discount netted against principal amortized on a straight-line basis, which is not materially different than the effective interest method, from December 29, 2023 through January 31, 2026. Amortization for the year ended December 31, 2024 of $93,000 was recorded as interest expense. On March 29, 2024, the Company executed an additional $10 million Promissory Note under the Line of Credit. The interest rate on this draw is 6.62% (Applicable Federal Rate for short term loans on date of draw of 4.62% plus 2%). The effective interest rate is approximately 7.1%. Accrued interest on this draw was $508,000 at December 31, 2024. The principal and accrued interest is convertible at the option of the Lender at $3.00 per share. In accordance with the Credit Agreement, the Company issued the Lender a Warrant to purchase up to 200,000 shares of Company’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $3.59 per share, which Warrant is exercisable upon issuance.

The fair value of the 200,000 warrants vested at closing on March 29, 2024, was $277,389 at the date of issuance based on the following assumptions: an expected life of 5.33 years, volatility of 75%, risk free interest rate of 4.19% and zero dividends. The proceeds were allocated between the Promissory Note and the warrants issued, and the amount allocated to the warrants was recorded as a debt discount netted against principal amortized on a straight-line basis, which is not materially different than the effective interest method, from March 29, 2024 through January 31, 2026. Amortization for the year ended December 31, 2024 of $114,000 was recorded as interest expense.

On June 28, 2024, the Company executed an additional $10 million Promissory Note under the Line of Credit. The interest rate on this draw is 7.01% (Applicable Federal Rate for short term loans on date of draw of 5.01% plus 2%). The effective interest rate is approximately 7.4%. Accrued interest on this draw was $336,000 at December 31, 2024. The principal and accrued interest is convertible at the option of the Lender at $3.00 per share. In accordance with the Credit Agreement, the Company issued the Lender a Warrant to purchase up to 200,000 shares of Company’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $3.39 per share, which Warrant is exercisable upon issuance.

The fair value of the 200,000 warrants vested at closing on June 28, 2024, was $260,000 at the date of issuance based on the following assumptions: an expected life of 5.03 years, volatility of 77%, risk free interest rate of 4.29% and zero dividends. The proceeds were allocated between the Promissory Note and the warrants issued, and the amount allocated to the warrants was recorded as a debt discount netted against principal amortized on a straight-line basis, which is not materially different than the effective interest method, from June 28, 2024 through January 31, 2026. Amortization for the year ended December 31, 2024 of $82,000 was recorded as interest expense.

On March 29, 2024, the Company and Richard E. Uihlein (the “Lender”) entered into a Supplemental Line of Credit Letter Agreement (the “Supplemental Credit Agreement”), pursuant to which the Lender shall provide the Company a line of credit of up to $10.0 million (the “Supplemental Line of Credit”) to finance the Company’s working capital needs. The Company may draw upon the Supplemental Line of Credit through March 31, 2025.

Each advance made pursuant to the Supplemental Credit Agreement shall be evidenced by an unsecured, convertible promissory note (individually, a “Promissory Note,” and collectively, the “Promissory Notes”), and bear interest at the Applicable Federal Rate for short term loans, plus two (2%) percent. Principal and interest on the Promissory Notes are due on or before January 31, 2026. Only with the consent of the Lender, may the Promissory Notes be prepaid, in whole or in part, at any time without premium or penalty, but with interest on the amount or amounts prepaid.

At the election of Lender, the principal and accrued interest on Promissory Note(s) may be converted into the number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock equal to the amount of principal and accrued interest on such Promissory Note divided by the price equal to the closing price of the Common Stock on the date of such Promissory Note, but in no event less than $3.00 per share.

In connection with the Supplemental Credit Agreement, the Company agreed to issue the Lender warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 200,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (collectively, the “Warrants”). The Company shall issue to the Lender Warrants ratably, upon borrowings under the Supplemental Line of Credit, with exercise prices equal to 150% of the closing price of the Company’s common Stock on the date of the Promissory Note evidencing such draw, but in no event more than $10.00 per share nor less than $3.00 per share. The Warrants expire on July 31, 2029.

On September 30, 2024, the Company executed a $10 million Promissory Note under the Supplemental Line of Credit. The interest rate on this draw is 6.13% (Applicable Federal Rate for short term loans on date of draw of 5.01% plus 2%). The effective interest rate is approximately 6.4%. Accrued interest on this draw was $154,000 at December 31, 2024. The principal and accrued interest is convertible at the option of the Lender at $3.00 per share. In accordance with the Credit Agreement, the Company issued the Lender a Warrant to purchase up to 200,000 shares of Company’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $4.13 per share, which Warrant is exercisable upon issuance. The fair value of the 200,000 warrants vested at closing on September 30, 2024, was $307,780 at the date of issuance based on the following assumptions: an expected life of 4.83 years, volatility of 78%, risk free interest rate of 3.58% and zero dividends. The proceeds were allocated between the Promissory Note and the warrants issued, and the amount allocated to the warrants was recorded as a debt discount netted against principal amortized on a straight-line basis, which is not materially different than the effective interest method, from October 1, 2024 through January 31, 2026. Amortization for the year ended December 31, 2024 of $58,000 was recorded as interest expense.

On November 14, 2024, the Company and Richard E. Uihlein (the “Lender”) entered into an additional Supplemental Line of Credit Letter Agreement (the “November 2024 Supplemental Credit Agreement”), pursuant to which the Lender shall provide the Company a line of credit of up to $6.0 million (the “November 2024 Supplemental Line of Credit”) to finance the Company’s working capital needs. The Company may draw upon the November 2024 Supplemental Line of Credit through March 31, 2025.

Each advance made pursuant to the November 2024 Supplemental Credit Agreement shall be evidenced by an unsecured, convertible promissory note (individually, a “Promissory Note,” and collectively, the “Promissory Notes”), and bear interest at the Applicable Federal Rate for short term loans, plus two (2%) percent. Principal and interest on the Promissory Notes are due on or before March 31, 2026. Only with the consent of the Lender, may the Promissory Notes be prepaid, in whole or in part, at any time without premium or penalty, but with interest on the amount or amounts prepaid.

At the election of Lender, the principal and accrued interest on Promissory Note(s) may be converted into the number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock equal to the amount of principal and accrued interest on such Promissory Note divided by the price equal to the closing price of the Common Stock on the date of such Promissory Note, but in no event less than $3.00 per share.

In connection with the November 2024 Supplemental Credit Agreement, the Company agreed to issue the Lender warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 120,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (collectively, the “Warrants”). The Company shall issue to the Lender Warrants ratably, upon borrowings under the November 2024 Supplemental Line of Credit, with exercise prices equal to 150% of the closing price of the Company’s common Stock on the date of the Promissory Note evidencing such draw, but in no event more than $10.00 per share nor less than $3.00 per share. The Warrants expire on July 31, 2029.

The fair value of warrants that vest in the future based on borrowings will be computed when those borrowings occur and amortized over the remaining period through March 31, 2026.

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

+ References

+ Details

Commitments and Contingencies (Details)	12 Months Ended
Commitments and Contingencies (Details)	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($) Lease	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Lease Commitments [Abstract]
Number of operating leases \| Lease	1
Term of contract	38 months
Free rent period	6 months 15 days
Security deposit	$ 6,000	$ 6,000
Right to use lease asset	$ 16,000	$ 46,000
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Other Assets, Noncurrent	Other Assets, Noncurrent
Current lease liability	$ 19,000	$ 46,000
Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Accrued expenses	Accrued expenses
Non-current lease liability		$ 20,000
Operating Lease, Liability, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]		Other liabilities
Lease renewal term	12 months
Maturity of Operating Lease [Abstract]
2025	$ 19,000
Total	19,000
Less imputed interest	0
Present value of lease liability	$ 19,000
Discount rate on present value of lease payments	11.00%
Clinical Trial and Research Contingencies [Abstract]
Contract cancelation notice period	30 days
Vendors disputed claim amount	$ 1,000,000
Additional accrued amount	0
General and Administrative Expense [Member]
Lease Commitments [Abstract]
Lease cost	$ 44,000	$ 44,000

Income Taxes, Primary Factors Affecting Income Tax Rates (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Primary Factors Affecting Income Tax Rates [Abstract]
Tax benefit at U.S. statutory rates	(21.00%)	(21.00%)
State tax benefit	(2.50%)	(3.40%)
Permanent differences	0.10%	0.90%
Other	(4.00%)	2.30%
Changes in valuation allowance	27.40%	21.20%
Income tax rate, total	0.00%	0.00%
Federal and Sate [Abstract]
Deferred tax asset valuation allowance percentage in each of the last two years	100.00%
Operating loss carryforwards expiration year	2037
Federal and state research and development credits expiration year	2042
Federal [Member]
Federal and Sate [Abstract]
Research and development credits	$ 7,764,000
Federal [Member] \| Expiring as a Result of 2017 Tax Act [Member]
Federal and Sate [Abstract]
Net operating loss carryforwards	131,579,000
Federal [Member] \| Expiring Through 2037 [Member]
Federal and Sate [Abstract]
Net operating loss carryforwards	120,055,000
State [Member]
Federal and Sate [Abstract]
Research and development credits	1,245,000
State [Member] \| Expiring as a Result of 2017 Tax Act [Member]
Federal and Sate [Abstract]
Net operating loss carryforwards	137,878,000
State [Member] \| Expiring Through 2037 [Member]
Federal and Sate [Abstract]
Net operating loss carryforwards	$ 102,003,000

Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Stock-Based Compensation [Abstract]

Components of Stock-Based Compensation Expense

Following is the stock-based compensation expense related to common stock options, restricted common stock, common stock warrants and deferred stock units:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2024		2023
Research and development	$	1,222	$	829
General and administrative		1,225		1,432
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	2,447	$	2,261

Weighted Average Assumptions Used to Determine Fair Value of Options Granted

The fair value of the options granted is determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The following weighted average assumptions were used:

	2024			2023
Risk-free interest rate		3.89	%		3.84	%
Expected life of the options	5.4 years			5.7 years
Expected volatility of the underlying stock		75.1	%		85.6	%
Expected dividend rate		0	%		0	%

Stock Option Activity

The following table summarizes the stock option activity in the stock-based compensation plans:

	Number of Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Outstanding, December 31, 2022		5,745,561		$	2.90
Granted		1,025,000			1.18
Forfeited/Cancelled		(436,720	)		2.23
Exercised		—			—
Outstanding, December 31, 2023		6,333,841		$	2.66
Granted		1,373,000			1.86
Forfeited/Cancelled		(348,750	)		6.35
Exercised		(503,333	)		1.71
Outstanding, December 31, 2024		6,854,758		$	2.39		6.27	$	183
Exercisable, December 31, 2024		6,138,254		$	2.45		6.00	$	176

Outstanding and Exercisable Options under Stock Based Compensation Plans

The following table summarizes additional information regarding outstanding and exercisable options under our stock-based compensation plans at December 31, 2024:

	Options Outstanding						Options Exercisable
Exercise Price (Range)	Number of Shares		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Number of Shares		Weighted Average Exercise Price
			(in years)
$0.89 – 1.50		1,134,206		7.13	$	1.16		934,202	$	1.12
$1.51 – 2.50		3,691,315		6.88		2.02		3,199,815		2.02
$2.51 – 5.00		1,809,237		4.88		3.48		1,784,237		3.48
$5.01 – 6.71		220,000		3.10		5.92		220,000		5.92
		6,854,758		6.27	$	2.39		6,138,254	$	2.45