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  <xs:element name="ConvertibleNotePayableAndAccruedInterestNetOfDebtDiscountRelatedPartyNonCurrent" id="galt_ConvertibleNotePayableAndAccruedInterestNetOfDebtDiscountRelatedPartyNonCurrent" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xs:element name="UndesignatedCapitalStockValue" id="galt_UndesignatedCapitalStockValue" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xs:element name="UndesignatedCapitalStockParValue" id="galt_UndesignatedCapitalStockParValue" type="dtr-types:perShareItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" />
  <xs:element name="UndesignatedCapitalStockSharesAuthorized" id="galt_UndesignatedCapitalStockSharesAuthorized" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" />
  <xs:element name="UndesignatedCapitalStockSharesDesignated" id="galt_UndesignatedCapitalStockSharesDesignated" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" />
  <xs:element name="StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesWarrantExercise" id="galt_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesWarrantExercise" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xs:element name="AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalWarrantModification" id="galt_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalWarrantModification" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xs:element name="StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueWarrantExercise" id="galt_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueWarrantExercise" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xs:element name="TemporaryEquityDividendsShares" id="galt_TemporaryEquityDividendsShares" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xs:element name="ConvertiblePreferredStockDividends" id="galt_ConvertiblePreferredStockDividends" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xs:element name="ConvertiblePreferredStockDividendsShares" id="galt_ConvertiblePreferredStockDividendsShares" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xs:element name="TemporaryEquityDividends" id="galt_TemporaryEquityDividends" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xs:element name="FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrant" id="galt_FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrant" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xs:element name="ReclassificationOfAccruedBonusToAdditionalPaidInCapital" id="galt_ReclassificationOfAccruedBonusToAdditionalPaidInCapital" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xs:element name="CommonStockPurchaseWarrantsIssuedInConnectionWithRelatedPartyLineOfCredit" id="galt_CommonStockPurchaseWarrantsIssuedInConnectionWithRelatedPartyLineOfCredit" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xs:element name="CommonStockWarrantsAbstract" id="galt_CommonStockWarrantsAbstract" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xs:element name="CommonStockWarrantsDisclosureTextBlock" id="galt_CommonStockWarrantsDisclosureTextBlock" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xs:element name="ContingentInterestAprilNoteMember" id="galt_ContingentInterestAprilNoteMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xs:element name="ContingentInterestDecemberNoteMember" id="galt_ContingentInterestDecemberNoteMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xs:element name="ContingentInterestSeptemberNoteMember" id="galt_ContingentInterestSeptemberNoteMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xs:element name="ConvertibleNotesPayableRelatedPartyAbstract" id="galt_ConvertibleNotesPayableRelatedPartyAbstract" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xs:element name="AnnualInterestRate" id="galt_AnnualInterestRate" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" />
  <xs:element name="QuarterlyInterestRate" id="galt_QuarterlyInterestRate" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" />
  <xs:element name="NumberOfPromissoryNotesEvidencedByLoansAgreement" id="galt_NumberOfPromissoryNotesEvidencedByLoansAgreement" type="xbrli:integerItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xs:element name="DecemberConvertiblePromissoryNoteMember" id="galt_DecemberConvertiblePromissoryNoteMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xs:element name="SeptemberConvertiblePromissoryNoteMember" id="galt_SeptemberConvertiblePromissoryNoteMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xs:element name="AprilConvertiblePromissoryNoteMember" id="galt_AprilConvertiblePromissoryNoteMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xs:element name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsWeightedAverageExercisePriceAbstract" id="galt_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsWeightedAverageExercisePriceAbstract" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xs:element name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" id="galt_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" type="dtr-types:perShareItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xs:element name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" id="galt_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" type="dtr-types:perShareItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xs:element name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" id="galt_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" type="dtr-types:perShareItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" />
  <xs:element name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" id="galt_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" type="dtr-types:perShareItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xs:element name="SeriesAAndSeriesCPreferredStockMember" id="galt_SeriesAAndSeriesCPreferredStockMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xs:element name="AggregateOfferingPrice" id="galt_AggregateOfferingPrice" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xs:element name="CommissionRate" id="galt_CommissionRate" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" />
  <xs:element name="TwoThousandTwentyMarketAgreementMember" id="galt_TwoThousandTwentyMarketAgreementMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xs:element name="One0XFundLPAnd10XCapitalManagementLLCMember" id="galt_One0XFundLPAnd10XCapitalManagementLLCMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xs:element name="One0XFundLPMember" id="galt_One0XFundLPMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xs:element name="AfterModificationMember" id="galt_AfterModificationMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xs:element name="BeforeModificationMember" id="galt_BeforeModificationMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xs:element name="PeriodOfPriorNoticeThatWouldBarVoluntaryExerciseOfAnyWarrants" id="galt_PeriodOfPriorNoticeThatWouldBarVoluntaryExerciseOfAnyWarrants" type="xbrli:durationItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xs:element name="NumberOfTradingDaysToBeConsideredStockClosingPriceInPurchaseAgreement" id="galt_NumberOfTradingDaysToBeConsideredStockClosingPriceInPurchaseAgreement" type="xbrli:durationItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xs:element name="ThresholdPeriodForStockClosingPriceInTenConsecutiveDaysUnderPurchaseWarrantsAgreement" id="galt_ThresholdPeriodForStockClosingPriceInTenConsecutiveDaysUnderPurchaseWarrantsAgreement" type="xbrli:durationItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xs:element name="ThresholdPeriodForExtensionOfExerciseDateOfPurchaseWarrantsUnderAgreement" id="galt_ThresholdPeriodForExtensionOfExerciseDateOfPurchaseWarrantsUnderAgreement" type="xbrli:durationItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xs:element name="SeriesBWarrantsMember" id="galt_SeriesBWarrantsMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xs:element name="BeneficialOwnershipPercentage" id="galt_BeneficialOwnershipPercentage" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" />
  <xs:element name="NumberOfOperatingLeases" id="galt_NumberOfOperatingLeases" type="xbrli:integerItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xs:element name="FreeRentPeriod" id="galt_FreeRentPeriod" type="xbrli:durationItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xs:element name="RestrictedStockGrantsAbstract" id="galt_RestrictedStockGrantsAbstract" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xs:element name="DeferredCompensationArrangementPercentageOfDeferredShareUnitsShallBeIssuedPeriodThree" id="galt_DeferredCompensationArrangementPercentageOfDeferredShareUnitsShallBeIssuedPeriodThree" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" />
  <xs:element name="DeferredCompensationArrangementWithIndividualCashAwardGrantedPaidInDeferredStockUnitsPercent" id="galt_DeferredCompensationArrangementWithIndividualCashAwardGrantedPaidInDeferredStockUnitsPercent" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xs:element name="DeferredCompensationArrangementPercentageOfDeferredShareUnitsShallBeIssuedPeriodTwo" id="galt_DeferredCompensationArrangementPercentageOfDeferredShareUnitsShallBeIssuedPeriodTwo" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" />
  <xs:element name="DeferredCompensationArrangementWithIndividualCashAwardGrantedPaidInCashPercent" id="galt_DeferredCompensationArrangementWithIndividualCashAwardGrantedPaidInCashPercent" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xs:element name="DeferredCompensationArrangementPercentageOfDeferredShareUnitsShallBeIssuedPeriodOne" id="galt_DeferredCompensationArrangementPercentageOfDeferredShareUnitsShallBeIssuedPeriodOne" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" />
  <xs:element name="DeferredCompensationArrangementPercentageOfDeferredShareUnitsShallBeIssuedPeriodFive" id="galt_DeferredCompensationArrangementPercentageOfDeferredShareUnitsShallBeIssuedPeriodFive" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" />
  <xs:element name="DeferredCompensationArrangementPercentageOfDeferredShareUnitsShallBeIssuedPeriodFour" id="galt_DeferredCompensationArrangementPercentageOfDeferredShareUnitsShallBeIssuedPeriodFour" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" />
  <xs:element name="UnsecuredConvertiblePromissoryNoteMember" id="galt_UnsecuredConvertiblePromissoryNoteMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xs:element name="BasisOfPresentationsAndLiquidityAbstract" id="galt_BasisOfPresentationsAndLiquidityAbstract" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xs:element name="AccruedResearchAndDevelopmentCostsAndOtherCurrent" id="galt_AccruedResearchAndDevelopmentCostsAndOtherCurrent" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xs:element name="WarrantOneMember" id="galt_WarrantOneMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xs:element name="WarrantThreeMember" id="galt_WarrantThreeMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xs:element name="LineOfCreditRelatedPartyAbstract" id="galt_LineOfCreditRelatedPartyAbstract" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xs:element name="ClassOfAdditionalWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights" id="galt_ClassOfAdditionalWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xs:element name="DebtInstrumentAccruedInterest" id="galt_DebtInstrumentAccruedInterest" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xs:element name="ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRightsPercentageEqualToCommonStock" id="galt_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRightsPercentageEqualToCommonStock" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" />
  <xs:element name="IssuanceOfWarrantsValue" id="galt_IssuanceOfWarrantsValue" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xs:element name="WarrantTwoMember" id="galt_WarrantTwoMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xs:element name="CapitalContributionExpense" id="galt_CapitalContributionExpense" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xs:element name="SBHSciencesIncMember" id="galt_SBHSciencesIncMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xs:element name="GalectinSciencesLLCMember" id="galt_GalectinSciencesLLCMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xs:element name="ContractCancelationNoticePeriod" id="galt_ContractCancelationNoticePeriod" type="xbrli:durationItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
</xs:schema>
