

<!-- RR Donnelley Xcelerate Taxonomy Schema, based on XBRL 2.1  http://www.edgar-online.com/ -->
<!-- Version: 6.21.0 -->
<!-- Round: 4 -->
<!-- Creation date: 2013-11-11T20:28:54Z -->
<!-- Copyright (c) 2005-2013 R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company All Rights Reserved. -->
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        <link:definition>103 - Statement - Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets</link:definition>
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        <link:definition>107 - Statement - Condensed Consolidated Statements Of Cash Flows</link:definition>
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        <link:definition>109 - Disclosure - Accrued Expenses</link:definition>
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        <link:definition>110 - Disclosure - Stock-Based Compensation</link:definition>
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        <link:definition>111 - Disclosure - Common Stock Warrants</link:definition>
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        <link:definition>112 - Disclosure - Fair Value of Financial Instruments</link:definition>
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        <link:definition>113 - Disclosure - Loss Per Share</link:definition>
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        <link:definition>114 - Disclosure - Common Stock and Warrant Offering and Reverse Split</link:definition>
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        <link:definition>115 - Disclosure - Commitments, Contingencies and Legal Proceedings</link:definition>
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        <link:definition>116 - Disclosure - Subsequent Events</link:definition>
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        <link:definition>117 - Disclosure - Accrued Expenses (Tables)</link:definition>
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        <link:definition>118 - Disclosure - Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)</link:definition>
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        <link:definition>123 - Disclosure - Stock-Based Compensation Expense Related to Common Stock Options, Common Stock, Restricted Common Stock and Common Stock Warrants (Detail)</link:definition>
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        <link:definition>124 - Disclosure - Summary of Stock Option Activity (Detail)</link:definition>
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        <link:definition>125 - Disclosure - Stock-Based Compensation - Additional Information (Detail)</link:definition>
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        <link:definition>126 - Disclosure - Weighted Average Assumptions Used to Determine Fair Value of Options Granted (Detail)</link:definition>
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        <link:definition>127 - Disclosure - Common Stock Warrant Activity (Detail)</link:definition>
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        <link:definition>128 - Disclosure - Common Stock Warrants - Additional Information (Detail)</link:definition>
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        <link:definition>129 - Disclosure - Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Additional Information (Detail)</link:definition>
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        <link:definition>130 - Disclosure - Dilutive Shares Which Could Exist Pursuant to Exercise of Outstanding Stock Instruments and Which were not Included in Calculation (Detail)</link:definition>
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        <link:definition>131 - Disclosure - Common Stock and Warrant Offering and Reverse Split - Additional Information (Detail)</link:definition>
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        <link:definition>132 - Disclosure - Commitments, Contingencies and Legal Proceedings - Additional Information (Detail)</link:definition>
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        <link:definition>133 - Disclosure - Subsequent Events - Additional Information (Detail)</link:definition>
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  <element name="DocumentAndEntityInformationAbstract" id="galt_DocumentAndEntityInformationAbstract" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="DrugDiscoveryProgramMember" id="galt_DrugDiscoveryProgramMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="ExerciseOfPreferredStockWarrantsShares" id="galt_ExerciseOfPreferredStockWarrantsShares" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="ExpirationPeriodOfAgreements" id="galt_ExpirationPeriodOfAgreements" type="xbrli:durationItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="FairValueOfFinancialInstrumentsLineItems" id="galt_FairValueOfFinancialInstrumentsLineItems" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="FairValueOfFinancialInstrumentsTable" id="galt_FairValueOfFinancialInstrumentsTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem"/>
  <element name="GrossProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStockAndWarrants" id="galt_GrossProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStockAndWarrants" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="IssuanceOfCommonStockAndWarrantsShares" id="galt_IssuanceOfCommonStockAndWarrantsShares" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="IssuanceOfEquityWarrantsInConnectionWithEquityOfferings" id="galt_IssuanceOfEquityWarrantsInConnectionWithEquityOfferings" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="IssuanceOfWarrantsPricePerShare" id="galt_IssuanceOfWarrantsPricePerShare" type="num:perShareItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="IssuanceOfWarrantsToInduceConversionOfNotesPayable" id="galt_IssuanceOfWarrantsToInduceConversionOfNotesPayable" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="IssuanceOfWarrantsValue" id="galt_IssuanceOfWarrantsValue" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="LawsuitDamageClaim" id="galt_LawsuitDamageClaim" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="MarketSaleAgreementMember" id="galt_MarketSaleAgreementMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="MaximumDevelopmentBudget" id="galt_MaximumDevelopmentBudget" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="MinimumCompanyMarketCapitalization" id="galt_MinimumCompanyMarketCapitalization" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="NoticePeriodForTerminationOfAgreement" id="galt_NoticePeriodForTerminationOfAgreement" type="xbrli:durationItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="NoticePeriodToCureBreachOfAgreement" id="galt_NoticePeriodToCureBreachOfAgreement" type="xbrli:durationItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="NumberOfCommonStockPerUnit" id="galt_NumberOfCommonStockPerUnit" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="NumberOfRightDeclaredAsDividendDistributionForEachOutstandingShareOfCommonStock" id="galt_NumberOfRightDeclaredAsDividendDistributionForEachOutstandingShareOfCommonStock" type="xbrli:integerItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="NumberOfWarrantsExercise" id="galt_NumberOfWarrantsExercise" type="xbrli:integerItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="OrganizationalAndSeparationRelatedCharges" id="galt_OrganizationalAndSeparationRelatedCharges" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="PrincipalSharesMember" id="galt_PrincipalSharesMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="ProceedsFromStockOptionAndWarrantExercises" id="galt_ProceedsFromStockOptionAndWarrantExercises" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="PublicOfferingNetPricePerShare" id="galt_PublicOfferingNetPricePerShare" type="num:perShareItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="RecognizedExpensesRelatedToAgreementForServicesPerformed" id="galt_RecognizedExpensesRelatedToAgreementForServicesPerformed" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="ScheduleOfAccruedLiabilitiesLineItems" id="galt_ScheduleOfAccruedLiabilitiesLineItems" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="ScheduleOfAccruedLiabilitiesTable" id="galt_ScheduleOfAccruedLiabilitiesTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem"/>
  <element name="ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsAndCommonStockActivityTableTextBlock" id="galt_ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsAndCommonStockActivityTableTextBlock" type="nonnum:textBlockItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="SeriesBOnePreferredStockMember" id="galt_SeriesBOnePreferredStockMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="SeriesBTwoPreferredStockMember" id="galt_SeriesBTwoPreferredStockMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="ServiceAgreementsExpirationDate" id="galt_ServiceAgreementsExpirationDate" type="xbrli:dateItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="SeverancePaymentPeriod" id="galt_SeverancePaymentPeriod" type="xbrli:durationItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsExercisesInPeriod" id="galt_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsExercisesInPeriod" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" id="galt_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" type="num:perShareItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" id="galt_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" type="num:perShareItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" id="galt_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" type="num:perShareItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" id="galt_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" type="num:perShareItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsWeightedAverageExercisePriceAbstract" id="galt_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsWeightedAverageExercisePriceAbstract" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExpirationTermInCertainCases" id="galt_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExpirationTermInCertainCases" type="xbrli:durationItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="StockholdersEquityLineItems" id="galt_StockholdersEquityLineItems" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="StockholdersEquityTable" id="galt_StockholdersEquityTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem"/>
  <element name="StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockWarrantsExercised" id="galt_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockWarrantsExercised" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockWarrantsExercised" id="galt_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockWarrantsExercised" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="StockWarrantsTextBlock" id="galt_StockWarrantsTextBlock" type="nonnum:textBlockItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="SupplementalDividendsOnConvertiblePreferredStock" id="galt_SupplementalDividendsOnConvertiblePreferredStock" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="UnderwritersExerciseOfPublicOfferingOverAllotmentShares" id="galt_UnderwritersExerciseOfPublicOfferingOverAllotmentShares" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="UndesignatedCapitalStockNoParValue" id="galt_UndesignatedCapitalStockNoParValue" type="num:perShareItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="UndesignatedCapitalStockSharesAuthorized" id="galt_UndesignatedCapitalStockSharesAuthorized" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="UndesignatedCapitalStockSharesOutstanding" id="galt_UndesignatedCapitalStockSharesOutstanding" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="UndesignatedCapitalStockValue" id="galt_UndesignatedCapitalStockValue" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="UnrealizedGainLossInDebtInstrumentFairValue" id="galt_UnrealizedGainLossInDebtInstrumentFairValue" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="WarrantExpense" id="galt_WarrantExpense" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="WarrantExpirationDate" id="galt_WarrantExpirationDate" type="xbrli:dateItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="WarrantOneMember" id="galt_WarrantOneMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="WarrantsPricePerShare" id="galt_WarrantsPricePerShare" type="num:perShareItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="WarrantToPurchaseCommonStock" id="galt_WarrantToPurchaseCommonStock" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="WarrantTwoMember" id="galt_WarrantTwoMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
</schema>




